How many kilowatts do you need for a comfortable stay?
The required number of kilowatts for a house is calculated based on how many electrical appliances will be installed in the house. If we take into account the presence in the house of a minimum set of electrical appliances (lighting (150 W), refrigerator (500 W), microwave oven (1000 W), washing machine (2000 W), TV (200 W), computer (500 W), iron (1200 W) ), a vacuum cleaner (1200 W), a dishwasher (2000 W)), which in total, when switched on simultaneously, consume 8750 W, then the available 2-4 kW of electricity will not be enough.
According to the set of rules SP 31-106-2002 "Design and construction of engineering systems for single-family residential buildings", the load for a house is less than 60 sq. m without electric stoves must be at least 5.5 kW, for a house with electric stoves - 8.8 kW. If the area of the house exceeds 60 sq. m, then the electricity load should be increased by 1% based on each additional square meter of area. If the house uses electric heating and powerful air conditioners, 15 kW is enough.
Which boiler is more profitable for heating a private house: electric or gas
If you want to build your own house or cottage, when building such a house, there is always a problem of choosing: which heating option to choose. Obviously, the procedure for calculating heating fees in an apartment building will differ from the calculation of heat costs in a private house. In a private house, the owners independently bear all the costs of heating and equipment maintenance. In an apartment building - they pay only according to the approved heat tariffs.
The most common heating options in a private house is the installation of a boiler. However, the boiler can be installed both gas and electric.
In addition, it is not always possible to connect to gas supply networks nearby. Also, the problem of choosing a heat supply system becomes especially relevant when the cost of connecting to gas supply is high.
And that is why the question arises: which boiler is still more profitable, what is the fuel consumption of heating boilers of various types, what is the electricity consumption of electric boilers and what is the gas consumption of gas boilers.
Which boiler is more profitable to heat a private house: gas or electric. Let's figure it out in order.
This article will focus on comparing the fuel consumption of heating boilers of different types: electric and gas. For this, a calculation will be made of the cost of heating with a gas boiler and an electric boiler with the same area of the house and temperature factors.
Fact! It is believed that heating 10 m2 of a well-insulated private house takes 1 kW of energy. Accordingly, to heat a room or a house with an area of 100 m2, a boiler with a capacity of 10 kW is required. Moreover, this applies to both electric and gas heating boilers.
1. Let's start with Rcalculating the cost of heating with a gas boiler.
Let's give an example of calculating the cost of heating a house with a total area of 100m2.
To calculate the energy consumption for heating, you can use the following formula:
PE = M x W x D x P x K where: PE - consumed energy; M is the boiler power in kW; H - the number of hours of operation of the boiler; D is the number of days of boiler operation; K is a coefficient taking into account that the gas boiler does not work at full capacity all the time that it is used. Usually, for calculations, a coefficient value of 0.5 is used. The value of the coefficient can be changed depending on the operating conditions of the gas boiler.
As an example, let's calculate the monthly amount of energy consumed for heating a house with an area of 100 m2, where a 10 kW boiler is used for round-the-clock heating.
We will make calculations for that particular house:
PE = 10 kW x 24 x 30 x 0.5 = 3600 kW / h.
In the example above, the calculation is made for one month. If you need to calculate the annual consumption, then you need to multiply the result above by the number of months in the heating season (usually 7 months).
PE year = 3600 kWh x 7 months = 25200 kWh or 3 Gcal. X 7 = 21 Gcal.
That is, for a year (or rather, for the heating period), energy costs and heating a house are 100 sq. m. will amount to 25.2 thousand kWh.
Calculation of the cost of heat generated by a gas boiler
Fact! Calorific value of gas is the energy that is released when natural gas is burned. The unit for measuring the calorific value of a gas is kcal. The calorific value of gas when 1m3 of natural gas is burned produces 0.00812 gcal or 9.444 kW / h of thermal energy.
To calculate the annual cost of consumed heat energy for the example above, you need to use the following formula:
St = ((PE year / KG) x C) / efficiency Where:
St - Annual cost of consumed energy;
PE year - energy consumed per year;
KG - Calorific value of 1m3 of gas (9.4 kW / h);
C is the tariff for natural gas per 1 m3 of gas (5.9 rubles / m3).
Efficiency - Boiler efficiency (specified in the documentation, in our case - 92%)
In our example, the annual cost of energy (the cost of operating a heating boiler, taking into account gas consumption) will be:
St = ((25,200 kWh / 9.44) x5.9) / 0.92 = 17,119 rubles.
2. Calculation of the cost for heating with an electric boiler.
Electricity consumption in an electric boiler.
Electricity consumption (PE) for an electric boiler will be similar to that for a gas boiler. Only the source will not be natural gas, but electrical energy.
For our example (a house with an area of 100 m2), the annual consumption of electrical energy (PE) of the boiler will be 25,200 kWh.
Consequently, the annual cost of heating with an electric boiler will be the product of the volume of consumed electrical energy (PE) and the electricity tariff.
In our example, the electricity tariff is 4.0 rubles. per kWh
25,200 kWh x RUB 4.0 per kWh = 100 800 rubles.
Therefore, the annual cost of heating with an electric boiler and a gas boiler for a private house with an area of 100m2 will be:
Gas boiler: 17,119 rubles.
Electric boiler: 100 800 rubles.
That is, the fixed costs of heating with an electric boiler will be at least five times higher gas.
These calculations can be used to assess the feasibility of connecting a house to a gas supply.
How to reduce heating costs in a private house will be discussed in this article.
Still have questions? Want to get answers to them?
Here you can find experts or lawyers of the gkh-konsultant.ru portal.
What is needed to increase the power supply up to 15 kW?
You need to come to the territorial administration of the operating company and submit there an application and a package of documents to obtain the TU:
- identity card of the applicant;
- documents confirming the ownership of residential, industrial premises or land;
- layout of power receivers (photo from the cadastral plan).
After that, the network organization will issue the technical specifications. When (and if) they are met, representatives of the network organization will come and connect you to the mains.
Determine how much electricity an electric boiler consumes
It is impossible to choose the right heating device without a series of calculations and a clear definition of the functional purpose of the boiler. First you need to find out how many circuits the water heating unit requires. It will be used only for space heating or also used for preparing hot water in the second circuit (DHW).These data will help determine how much an electric heating boiler consumes per month.
After confirming the choice: a single-circuit or double-circuit boiler is necessary for the house, they proceed to fixing the following parameters:
- area of heated rooms;
- voltage available to power the boiler;
- the volume of the coolant in the heating circuit;
- the duration of the operating season;
- the mode of stay of residents in the house;
- working hours at maximum load (peak hours of comfortable stay of residents);
- operating time during the heating season;
- performance and efficiency.
Directly for calculations, the average temperatures for a particular region are taken during the winter, corrections are introduced for the insulation of the house, for the thermal conductivity of the building materials from which the building is made, as well as the type of thermal insulation used to exclude heat loss through the ceilings.
Is it possible to install a three-phase meter instead of a single-phase meter?
To increase the power, the houses are connected to a three-phase power supply, which allows you to install a three-phase meter and turn on more devices.
However, you cannot independently connect 380 V and increase the desired kilowatts. Before installing a three-phase meter, you must contact the power grid company to obtain permission to increase the power (the connected power of the pantographs must be more than 10 kW).
If such a permitted power is indicated in the issued Technical Conditions (TU), then a three-phase meter will be installed for you: three phases, each 5 kW.
Difference between kW and kWh
You should not combine the concepts of kilowatt and kilowatt-hour, indicated by an electric meter. The latter term means not just power, but electricity consumption. This takes into account the numerical indicator in kilowatts used during a certain time period.
For a lamp with a power (80 W) of 0.08 kW for 3 hours, the consumption of kilowatt hours will be:
0.08 x 3 = 0.24 kWh.
It is not difficult to understand the method of converting watts to kilowatts or vice versa. But the correct calculation will allow you to solve important problems in determining the parameters of the home electrical network and ensuring the safe operation of household consumers.
Device advantages
This system has many advantages. The main one is associated with the low cost of the device itself, therefore, initially it is an affordable option for a system for heating a house. In addition, it is important to note the easy and simple connection method. To carry it out, there is no need to seek help from specialists. Everyone can cope with this task independently. As a result, the heating system will be connected and launched without additional financial costs.
It is also worth noting the absence of expenses for delivering fuel, for example, such as firewood, diesel and others. In this case, electricity is used. It is carried out to every house. System startup and shutdown is quite fast. There is no need to wait for it to start working. Thus, it saves you time. The house will immediately become warm and cozy.
During operation, the system does not require any special maintenance. Also, its maintenance is not carried out, which also requires money. If we talk about other boilers, then ash removal, cleaning and so on are periodically carried out in them.
As you can see, this device has a lot of advantages. But here the question arises, how much does an electric heating boiler consume per month. After all, it is not enough just to install it, then it is necessary to apply it. Is it profitable to do this, let's analyze further.
Heat pump costs
Now consider the cost of heating a home with a heat pump. This is a new and complex topic. This is a very promising direction, but only if the equipment is cheaper and there will be more specialists.We will omit the technical part, find out the cost of 1 kW.
In this case, we take into account the cost of 1 kW / h of electricity in the Moscow region for 2020 - 4.04 rubles. We take exactly this maximum tariff value.
The efficiency of the heat pump (conversion factor or thermal coefficient of COP) is 3.61. This coefficient means that for every 1 kW of consumed electricity, we will receive 3.61 kW of heat. Based on this, the cost of 1 kW / h of heat from a heat pump is 1.12 rubles.
Let's calculate the cost of 1 kW of heat from a gas boiler. Calorific value of 1 cubic meter m of natural gas - 10.11 kW / h.
- The cost of 1 kW / h of electricity in the Moscow region is 4.04 rubles.
- The efficiency of the gas boiler is 0.92.
- The cost of 1 kW / h of heat from a natural gas boiler is 0.43 rubles.
What needs to be considered?
The first step in installing a system is designing it. It is quite important and will allow you to determine how many kW an electric boiler consumes. It is mandatory.
In addition, you will need to take into account some important points, such as the boiler power, which will be most suitable for a given home. Also, the number of circuits, the volume of the boiler, the amount of heat carriers. The area of the house, which the system will heat, is also important. How long will the device be used in working order? This is determined by the season of the year.
As practice shows, the heat map of the house also contains a lot of useful information. Therefore, it is worth familiarizing yourself with it before designing. It contains the features of the building structure, information about what materials were used.
Single post frame 9 * 13 on USHP
The house was built in 2013-2014, wall insulation 200mm, overhead ceiling 300-400mm (ecowool), ceilings 3 m.
Heating: gas boiler 24kW, main gas and only VTP / UShP; Home operation mode: Permanent residence,
22 degrees; Average check for heating in winter:
1,500 rubles per month; Average gas consumption:
250 m3 / month, at the time of publication 1m3 = 5.97 rubles.
During the winter of 2017-2018, about 700-750 m3 of gas burned out, about 200m3 in December, 300m3 in January and 250m3 in February, the readings are not written off the meter every time. It is also worth noting that the operating mode of the gas boiler (and the choice of its power) in this house can be used. not the most optimal, maybe there are still ways for optimization.
At the same time, there are additional costs for electricity, from which all household appliances, kitchen appliances, lighting, etc. work. Figures per day in kWh:
- January 2020: 220154;
- December 2020: 200120;
- November 2020: 282190.
That is, another thousand and a half at the city rate of 4.55 2.62 rubles. (day night) is spent on electricity - this is the total consumption according to the meter on the fence.
There are also some old statistics for January 2020 when the house was heated with electricity. Total electricity consumption for 8 weeks 3500 kWh: 2250 day, 1250 night.
2250 * 3.55 + 1250 * 2.14 = 10.662.5 rubles. in two months (then there were other rates). On the street in the first month it was -2-1-0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 this is about the weather, it freezes at night, drips during the day. Houses + 21-22. In the second month it was up to -18, about 3 weeks of frost, a week of thaw (no warmer than +2).
Features of the device
How much electricity electric boilers consume is of interest to each owner of this device. No wonder. After all, it is not established for a year or two, but for the whole life. It is important to determine the financial costs that will be during his work.
This device has its own characteristics. It is a powerful technical device. The amount of energy consumed depends on the volume of the house or apartment. This figure is in the range of 12-30 kW. But it is worth noting that peak loads on the system are possible. In this case, energy consumption will increase.
As practice shows, the fuel consumption for a given device is not affected by the device itself, but by how its installation is performed. Moreover, the features of your electrical network are important, since it will certainly affect the operation of the system.
Only after you have clarified these features, you need to choose a device, since each of them is designed for a specific voltage. If we talk about imported boilers, then this indicator should be at least 220 V. At 200 V, it is better to refuse their use. Also consider what the quota is for one house. If it is low, then first calculate how much electricity the boiler consumes. Otherwise, there may be problems with neighbors.
