What is a general house heating meter and how is it

The problem of centralized heating is that no matter how hard the tenants try to insulate their apartment, they cannot pay for the actually consumed amount of heat until common house heating meters are supplied to apartment buildings. With the help of various energy-saving resources, it is possible to increase the temperature regime in the apartment, but this will not help to reduce the amount of payment for heat supply. The role of general house heating meters, their varieties and other things will be discussed below.

Household meter: advantages

This mechanism is used to fix the heat supplied directly to the apartment building. What advantages does he possess?

The main advantage of a common-house meter is financial benefit - the cost of such a device is quite high for the owner of one apartment, but when installing the device collectively, the price is shared among all tenants, which is undoubtedly beneficial.
Household metering equipment significantly increases the responsibility of each resident for keeping warm in the building, which helps to reduce damage to common property, such as an unclosed driveway or a split window.

disadvantages

Just like everywhere else, meters have their own disadvantages:

The main disadvantage of a general house meter is the high cost of equipment and installation, which will have to be paid by apartment owners.
In the process of use, the meter may fail, and therefore it is necessary to carry out repair work, the cost of which is also paid by the owners.
If a common heat meter is installed in an apartment building, then the owner of the apartment will not be able to save on payment by reducing heat consumption. The payment for the used heat energy is carried out depending on the area of the heated room.

Why do we need heat meters

Heat metering devices installed in an apartment building allow you to accurately measure the amount of heat that was consumed by residents over a certain period of time. Usually it is a month.

The calculations are based on the difference in water temperature in the supply and return pipelines, which is used to heat apartments and common areas of the house.

Until recently, such devices were not installed, and the calculation of the tariff for payment for heat was carried out according to the theoretical indicator of energy, measured in giga calories per square meter of housing area.

This indicator should be regulated depending on the ambient temperature, the materials used in the construction of the house, the type of structure.

In addition, the standard includes losses that inevitably occur during the transportation of the coolant. They make up 20-30 percent of the cost. Despite the fact that everyone considers such tariffs to be significantly overstated, nothing can be done without installing metering devices.

In addition, the temperature of the radiators does not stand up to scrutiny. Consumers have to pay for cold batteries.

Important! Therefore, the state was forced to initiate the installation of general house heat meters. For this, a multiplying coefficient is applied for those consumers who are slow to install meters.

As practice shows, in those houses where heat metering devices were installed, heating bills decreased by a quarter.

Significance of accounting for consumed heat energy

From the above, it is already clear that any actions aimed at reducing the cost of heating must begin precisely with taking into account energy costs. Until recently, the norms according to which heat supply was paid were the same for everyone and have been in effect since the days of the USSR. Their principle is elementary - the supplier company approved the tariff rate for 1 sq. m, taking into account all costs and profits of the enterprise. The calculation of heating according to a common meter in an apartment building is necessary in order to receive information about the real heat consumption and to pay in accordance with the data provided. Having a common house node, you can start modernizing the house, since the improvement of thermal data will certainly affect the consumption of heat, which will be taken into account by the installations. In addition, the introduction of the node will make it possible to remove the heating networks, which previously also had to be paid, since this was included in the tariff.

Important! Installed common house heating meters for apartment buildings enable residents to save from 25 to 40%.

Payment calculation procedure

There are several ways to calculate payment when general house heating meters are installed.
Option one

- the apartment does not have an individual metering device for heat consumption. A similar situation can be observed in houses built in Soviet times.

Then, when arranging heating systems, rack structures were used, in which, to account for heat, you need to put meters on each radiator, which from a financial point of view is a very costly event.

First, you should determine the cost of heating for one "square". The heat consumption recorded by the general house heat meter at the current tariffs is divided by the entire area of the building, taking into account residential and non-residential premises that are heated.

Since the share in common property depends on the area of the apartment, you need to calculate it. Then the area of the apartment and the area of its share in the house property are summed up. The result is multiplied by the heating price of one "square".

Option two

- individual heat consumption meters are installed in the house. In new buildings and buildings erected after 2000, the wiring from the risers inside the apartment has become horizontal, which makes it possible to install one apartment heat meter. In this case, the owners pay for the heating of the apartment after taking readings from the individual meter.

To determine the amount of heat spent on heating the common area (entrances, attics, etc.), the difference between the data recorded by the general house heating meters and all individual metering devices is calculated. The share of each apartment in the heat spent on general needs is calculated in the same way as in the first option.

Option three

- if one apartment does not have an individual metering device for heat consumption, while others have them. An individual heat meter, even without paying for installation services, costs consumers a significant amount, so not everyone buys such a device.

In this case, the payment calculation scheme is as follows:

fix the heat consumption according to the readings of all individual and general house meters;
the difference obtained between them is equal to the cost of heating the common area and apartments without heat meters. Based on these data, it is necessary to determine the size of the payment for heating one "square";
then the amount of payment should be calculated depending on the area of the apartment in which heat meters are not installed, and on the share in the common property.

The need to install a heat meter

The fact is that since the summer of 2012, the installation of heating meters has become mandatory throughout the Russian Federation, but the amount of payment will be lower only after a number of measures have been completed, such as:

High-quality insulation of the building.
Full glazing of the house.
Replacement of wooden windows with metal-plastic ones.
Insulation of the facade of the house with a "fur coat" made of mineral wool or foam.

Residents who use the services of district heating need to understand that regardless of whether they consider the installation of meters profitable or not, this does not in any way affect the need for their installation, since in accordance with Federal Law No. 261, apartment buildings must be equipped with meters in mandatory. This law was passed for several reasons:

Ensure more accurate and fair distribution of payments.
Encourage apartment owners to use heat supply more economically. Financial leverage is more effective than persuasion. When a person knows that an open front door or a broken glass in the entrance will affect the family's budget, he will be more careful with the common property of the residents.

Now worries about the condition of the house and entrances fell on the shoulders of the apartment owners, and not on the utilities, as before.

Varieties of heat metering devices

At the moment, manufacturers are putting on the market the following types of heat metering devices:

Heat meters of mechanical type. Their main advantages over other types of heat metering devices are their low cost, as well as their ease of maintenance. They work as follows: the impeller, which is part of the counting mechanism, is influenced by the coolant passing through the device and rotating the impeller at a certain speed. The rotation of the impeller generates a change in the measuring scale, which shows the amount of heat energy that has been used for heating. The disadvantage of such meters is that they are very sensitive to excessively hard water, therefore, in order to prevent the failure of these devices, you need to mount a filter in front of the meter.
Electromagnetic heat meters operate on the following principle: when hot water flows through the interior of the appliance, it causes changes in the magnetic field. These changes give rise to the movement of the counting mechanism, with the help of which the amount of heat consumed for heating is counted.
Vortex heat meters measure by analyzing the eddies that appear when a coolant passes through the device. These devices for metering heat energy are currently not very common, since they have a number of weaknesses, for example, they do not work well if there is a lot of air in the pipes, or the water for heating is poorly purified from various solid impurities.
Heat meters operating on the basis of ultrasound show the least imperfections and structural flaws. In addition, at the moment, no other metering device works more efficiently and more accurately than ultrasonic heat meters. How do they work? When water flows inside the device, the device constantly produces short signals of ultrasound, which passes through the water. The length of time required for ultrasound to travel from the sound source to its receiver shows how much of the coolant has passed through the device.

https://youtu.be/c3I3prCKHfs

Who installs the counter

This question can be answered only after studying the legislative acts in force in a particular state. If we talk about the territory of Russia, then the installation of metering devices is strictly mandatory, and many people have a natural question about who should put the general house meter for heating.The task must be fulfilled by the organization supplying heat to residential buildings, and they are also responsible for maintaining and calibrating heat meters until the tenants organize their own association of co-owners.

Important! The organization assumes the main amount of the cost of the equipment and its installation, but in the future these costs will be compensated by collecting additional funds from residents over several years.

Installation of a common house heating meter

You can get information about the possibility of installing metering devices in your management company or in the design office. But you need to take into account the fact that the installation of such equipment is associated with the solution of organizational issues - the owners of some apartments may refuse additional costs.

Sometimes common house heating meters are installed for general control over the consumption of heat energy, provided that each apartment has its own meters. In this case, tenants pay according to the meters both in the apartment and in public places (for example, at the entrance).

Where is a heat meter installed for heating in an apartment building (video)

Installation of heat meters is determined at a meeting of residents. Household meters calculate the amount of heat supplied to the house and distributed among residents based on the area of the apartment. The installation is carried out by special organizations, which will help the housing and communal services service to choose.

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Installation procedure

First of all, it is required to hold a meeting of residents, where a responsible person is selected who needs:

Obtain permission from the heat supplying organization.
Conclude an agreement with a licensed company to carry out design work.
Based on the project, determine the cost of equipment and its installation.
Collect funds.
Coordinate the project with the heat supply company.
Purchase devices and select a contractor for its installation.
Put the device into operation.

Metering device

Regardless of the type of flow metering units, their principle of operation is similar and looks as follows: an electronic calculator collects information from two sources - a flow meter, which is built into the supply pipeline, and from temperature sensors. Based on the data obtained, the calculator calculates the consumed heat, after which the readings of the general house heating meter are displayed on the screen. In the presence of more complex assemblies, two sources and a pressure sensor are used.

The main types of meters are distinguished, there are three of them:

Turbine (tachometric). They determine the amount of flowing heating medium using a mechanical impeller contained within the flow.
Ultrasonic. The heat consumption is measured based on the ultrasonic flow rate of the water flow.
Electromagnetic. The consumption of heat energy is determined by changes in the magnetic field, which is formed near the measuring section.

Turbine metering devices are the most economical, but at the same time give the greatest inaccuracy. In addition, they require periodic filter cleaning and frequent maintenance. This type of flow meter is very sensitive to the presence of suspended solids in the coolant, creates hydraulic resistance to the flow, therefore it is extremely rarely used as general house heating meters.

Ultrasonic meters are more expensive, but more reliable in operation and more accurately determine the flow. The device does not require frequent maintenance, does not create resistance, but it needs a certain space (a straight section of a set length in front of and after itself).If not quite pure water flows in the pipeline, then the measurement error increases.

Electromagnetic meters also respond to the quality of the supplied water, but only slightly, they do not require direct measuring sections. Such metering devices are mainly used in apartment buildings as collective ones.

Varieties of general house heat metering devices

Different devices have a different operating principle, installation and service. It is best to provide a choice of the best organization for the installation of such equipment. Experts will assess the condition of the house and, on the basis of this, will provide the necessary type of heat meter.

Varieties of heat meters:

Tachometric;
Ultrasonic;
Electromagnetic;
Vortex.

Tachometric meters are simple designs that have a mechanical rotary or vane water meter and a heat calculator. The price of the device is affordable. It is imperative to install a magnetic-mechanical filter.

Often, to buy a general house meter, tenants are thrown off with money, evenly dividing the costs between all

Such a device does not work well with increased water hardness. That is why such options are used in a private house. A significant plus of the system is autonomous operation from a battery, which lasts for 5-6 years.

Electromagnetic heat meters use an electromagnetic field in their work. When the volumes of the coolant change at the inlet and outlet, a small current arises. For the installation of such equipment, strict rules are put forward, with which qualified workers are familiar.

Vortex heat meters operate on the principle of the appearance of vortices behind obstacles that are in the path of the coolant. Suitable for installation on any layout. The main thing is a straight pipe section before and after the installation of the device.

Service companies will help you choose which heat meters are better. In an apartment building, it is often advised to install a vortex option. Impurities and large parts in the liquid do not distort the readings of the instrument.

The ultrasonic version works on the principle of ultrasound passing through a coolant. The ideal place to install such mechanisms is in new houses with clean water flow. These heat meters are overly sensitive to any excess parts in the liquid.

Connection and verification of metering device

In order to understand whether the installation of a heat meter is profitable, you need to know the exact cost of the equipment and all associated costs. The price of the equipment depends on the type of flow meter. The final cost includes:

The device.
Components for it.
Installation costs.

Only an organization that has all the permissions required for this has the right to install the meter. After completing all the installation steps, an employee of the company will seal it. Further, it is necessary to calibrate the device every four years. The service is paid. As a result, the costs of installing a heat measuring device increase significantly, but the costs pay off over time due to savings on utility bills.

Who checks the metering device

The new technique has already been tested, this is confirmed by the record on the block, and the information is duplicated in the accompanying documentation. Basic verification is carried out at the factory. At the onset of the next verification period, the owner of the equipment can contact the following organizations:

In a company that supplies general house heating meters. In most cases, an agreement on further maintenance is drawn up immediately, and the company's employees take care of all the verification issues.
To the local branch of a government agency that certifies and calibrates measuring equipment.
To the service center of the meter manufacturer.

Legal installation procedure

It is possible to install heat meters only after agreement with the management company, and for this there is a certain procedure, after which installation will be possible.

Therefore, you should follow these steps:

First, you must contact the house management company in writing.	Which can give permission for the installation of the meter, and copies of documents are attached to the application. They must confirm the ownership of the apartment, as well as the registration certificate of the apartment
Further, the company provides technical conditions	Which must be observed when installing the meter
The next step implies that an individual heat metering project is being developed.	And technical documents for the installation are being drawn up, this is the task of the organization that has officially received the design authority
Documents made	Coordinated with the heat supply company

It is not necessary to buy an energy meter before the project is agreed upon, since the application may well be followed by a refusal.

Having all the documents, you can make a purchase by choosing any heat meters for heating in an apartment that meet the established standards.

When choosing a company that will carry out the installation, you should make sure that it has a license for such activities, and you can even make a comparison, focusing on certificates, the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and SRO approvals.

In addition, it is also advisable to check the qualifications of the installers in advance, taking into account the list of equipment they use, the list of those works that they perform and whether they have an installation kit.

It is imperative that guarantees for the work should be given if the management company does not accept the results or has comments.

In addition to the meter itself, it is also necessary to ensure the availability of additional devices, for example, a bypass, thermostats and filters for pipes and radiators, tees and all other necessary technical devices.

Also, the equipment must be sealed on a mandatory basis and the initial readings must be recorded, this is done upon the call of the representative of the enterprise - the heat supplier.

Video: how it works

Calculation of heating in an apartment with a general house meter

In this case, charges are made on the basis of meter readings taken over a set time period, usually a month.

In the total consumption of heat energy, the part that falls on your living space is calculated, then it is multiplied by the established tariff. The formula for calculating heating according to the general house meter is as follows:

P = Q total * S / S total * T, where:

Q total - the volume of consumed heat according to the readings of the metering device in Gcal.
S total - the area of all residential, vacant and office premises in the house in sq. m.
S - heated area in sq. m. It does not include balconies, loggias, terraces and verandas.
T is the heating tariff set in the region.

It is worth noting that the recalculation for heating according to the general house meter should be carried out in any case based on the average temperature regime for the heating season. Then, upon its completion, part of the funds is returned to the tenants as an advance payment for future services or an invoice is issued for an additional payment.

Payment for heating in the summer season

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is allowed to charge heating fees all year round, that is, for 12 months, both in winter and in summer. However, the adoption of these rules depends solely on the local authorities, who have the right to enact them by decree. For example, on the territory of the Russian Federation, two orders are in force in parallel - No. 307 and 354. The first prescribes to make charges constantly, and the second - only during the heating season.

Implementing the first method is very simple - the same formulas are used, but the indicators in them are substituted in accordance with the previous year, distributed over 12 months. After that, a recalculation and adjustment of standards is made, which will be applied in the next year. On the one hand, payment in the summer period reduces the amount of the monthly payment for utilities, and on the other hand, it makes the whole system of charges complicated and incomprehensible.