Water heating
The most common type of systems. There is a dependent and independent heating system. The distribution of water heating can be one-pipe, two-pipe (a multi-circuit heating system belongs to the category, which includes not only a two-pipe, three-pipe, but also a four-pipe heating system) and collector. A subgroup of one-pipe systems can be distinguished. It is called a bifilar heating system. In this kind of heating system, the devices are divided into two parts. The water heated in the system moves through the pipes in different directions. At the same time, the water temperature is different. This type of heating is referred to as a one-pipe system. The energy carrier is water. A stand-up heating system is characterized as a single-pipe heating system using a hydraulic connection and a two-pipe heating system for heat transfer devices.
Riser diagrams in a bifilar heating system
The dependent connection diagram of a heating system of this type has vertical and horizontal risers. The only thing that unites them is the similarity with a one-pipe system. In such a heating system, elements with autonomous heating are used to heat the coolant. They are divided into a pair of coils. Studying the reviews, it can be noted that it is recommended to connect each of them with the ascending and descending parts of the pipes.
As for a two-furnace system with an arrangement along the horizon, it is customary to use heating devices of a tubular structure. These can be radiators made of various materials, convectors and pipes. The latter can be with ribs or with a smooth surface.
Heating radiators
When installing horizontal heating, it is impossible to regulate the temperature regime of its individual components. Chain adjustment of sequentially assembled equipment is allowed. To make this possible, we recommend installing convectors with an air gap valve.
The bifilar heating circuit with horizontal installation of front branches has been widely used for heating buildings intended for the needs of agriculture.
Internal heating systems
Internal heating systems can be with natural circulation and forced. A natural circulation system can have a bottom and top heating outlet. The principle of operation, which is used by a heating system with a top filling, is based on the fact that heated water has a lower density than cooled water. The vertical heating system assumes that the water goes up the supply riser to the radiators. Then, giving off heat, the water goes down into the boiler. The bottom filling of the heating does not have a common supply vertical riser, so the water goes directly to the radiators.
Two-pipe heating system
There is a passing heating circuit and a dead-end heating system. In dead-end systems, hot water moves through pipes opposite to cold water. A dead-end system differs from such as a passing heating system in the number of circulation rings. It all depends on the remoteness of the boiler. In a dead-end system, it is almost impossible to establish the same resistances. It is because of this that it is recommended to mount devices at a short distance from the boiler. In order for a dead-end heating system to be profitable, it is necessary to reduce the length of the line. It is better to install two small systems than one long one.
There is another subspecies of the two-pipe system - the Tichelman heating scheme. It is a reversible heating system.
People call her a three-pipe heating system, but this is a mistake. In such a heating system, the circulation circuits are balanced. This is most beneficial for the coolant. The Tihelman heating system allows the batteries to warm up evenly. However, it is worth noting that the Tichelman heating system of a two-story house does not lend itself to unbalancing its work with proper use.
Stove with water heating boiler
Tichelman loop - the basic principle of operation of the heating system of the same name
There are also "disadvantages" of the system. For the installation of a heating system, more pipes are spent than for a dead-end installation. It is possible to heat buildings with a small area. When purchasing equipment, be sure to pay attention to the size of the circulating rings. They must match in diameter. The three-pipe heating system scheme assumes that the batteries are working harmoniously. This is important when different rooms need to be heated at different temperatures. A manifold heating system may be suitable for you.
Closed heating system (ring) - this type of heating system has a clear arrangement of all parts and devices.
The main source of energy is water. Heating radiators using adapters are mounted into a single heating system. The result is a ring heating system with a constantly circulating energy carrier.
Closed loop heating system
A cascade heating system is a great type of heating system. Such a system works according to a simple scheme. The two boilers must be connected using regulators. As a result, we have an increase in the efficiency of the system. This solution provokes the heating system to work at maximum resource consumption. As you can see, such a cascade copper heating has pluses:
- this kind of heating system is capable of heating a large building and even partially supplying hot water to apartments;
- economical use of energy resources. Two boilers consume less fuel and at the same time heat a large area;
- no difficulties arise during the installation of equipment. The dimensions of the boiler are small, which is well suited for rooms with a small area.
Diagram of a cascade heating system
About the problem of warm floor
Water-filled underfloor heating, which is a classic system, is a rather complex system. For her work you will need:
- collector combs that distribute and control the circulation of the coolant;
- injection pumps, which may need several;
- a sufficiently powerful heating boiler operating on solid, liquid fuel or gas.
The volume of the coolant inside the structure of the underfloor heating pipes is quite large. This causes various technological features of the system operation. Air vents and other problems can occur that can reduce heating efficiency.
Unlike the classic ones, water electric underfloor heating is relieved of almost all the problems of a standard system. However, they have a number of advantages.
Inverter heating
Electricity heating systems have many positive characteristics. The ease of installation of such equipment is that there is electricity in any building. In order to install inverter heating at home, you do not need to issue permits. Also, the hyperinverter heating system saves space. Pay attention to the price. The cost of inverter heating equipment is significantly lower than other heating systems. The boiler can be replaced with an inverter, it is much cheaper.
How does inverter heating work with your own hands? Electricity is supplied to the boiler through the heating element. Take care to protect the equipment from damage and insulate the building to minimize heat loss. The principle of operation of an inverter boiler is such that an induction current is constantly generated in it. In the event of a power outage in the network, the boiler is capable of operating on battery power. The boiler consists of two parts - a magnetic part and a heat exchanger.
Inverter Boiler Components
Why is an inverter boiler so good? Due to the fact that it does not have a heating element in its structure, this makes it more practical to use. Due to the fact that a pump is built into the system, the energy carrier warms up faster. There are no great requirements for the selection of fuel.
The principle of operation is the same as that of an open dependent heating system, since the heating elements do not come into contact with various media.
However, do not forget that with all the positive characteristics, you can find disadvantages. An inverter boiler is much more expensive than a heating element. Also, the boiler itself is quite voluminous and is not suitable for rooms with a small area. To set the preset temperature or decrease the indicators, an automatic regulation system must be built into the boiler.
Capillary mats and room cooling
Capillary mats not only do an excellent job of heating the space in winter. In summer, they are able to cool the room, so you don't have to spend money on purchasing an air conditioner. Cooling mode works on the same principle as heating - it is evenly distributed in the space and creates a feeling of natural coolness. Thus, the possibility of catching a cold is excluded, as when using an air conditioner that blows cold air in one direction, and you do not have to call a technician to clean the air conditioner and replace filters.
Yana and Vladislav Korenyugins, architects-designers
Heating with electrode boilers
Electrode heating works by ionizing water. In the process, ions with positive and negative charges are formed. The particles approach the electrode plates and free energy is generated as a result of the contact. It is released during the operation of the boiler, which leads to heating of the water. Since the current strength and direction are not constant and can change direction, particles do not settle on the heating plates.
Types of hot water heating
Electrode boiler
What are the positive aspects of such heating:
- The efficiency is quite high;
- there is no need to adjust the temperature manually;
- cost-effective financing for heating;
- high heat transfer;
- the ability to change the heater;
- with low energy consumption, the room warms up quickly enough, since the heat transfer rate is high;
- low cost of installation and assembly work;
- not obligatory proximity to gas pipelines.
Anode-capillary heating system
Anode-capillary heating system is designed according to the principle of polarization of water molecules. This process takes place in the case of exposure to water with alternating current. The capillary method makes it possible to expand the contact area of water and heating elements. This leads to minimization of thermal energy losses. This is the main difference between this type of heating and steel varieties.
Anode heating boiler
Sometimes there is a process similar to electrolysis. However, this process is rare, since the composition of the fuel does not include foreign impurities. The electrodes themselves are made from alloys with low electrolytic properties. To enhance the effect of this type of heating, it is best to use anode electrodes. They are made from an alloy with a high quality mark.
Design of cold ceilings
The design of cold ceilings begins with the calculation of heat gain. Knowing the amount of heat entering the room and the performance of cold ceilings (85 W / m2), it is possible to determine the required area for placing capillary mats.
With high heat gains, a situation is possible when the ceiling area to cool the room to the optimal temperature is not enough. In this case, an additional cooling source is used. For example, you can use the wall surface for mounting capillary mats.
It is advisable to design cold ceilings before starting general construction work, simultaneously with the development of a design project for the premises.
Thermosiphon systems
The thermosiphon heating system is powered by solar heat. Heat is transferred to the pipes of the device by convection.
The fuel, heated by the sun's rays, changes its position to being in the air and is collected in a heat exchanger.
The principle that such passive home heating uses is triggered by the phenomenon of convection. Such systems can be classified under the category of back-up heating at home, that is, which will be spare.
Solar vacuum collector - the main component of a thermosyphon heating system
Nano home heating
Surely many have noticed an innovation among the building material - warm film floors. However, such nano heating of the house is gaining an increasing number of consumers.
This material is presented in the form of a polymer that is rolled into a layer with a millimeter thickness. He is able to burn housing. The principle of operation is simple. The material emits infrared rays as soon as current is applied to it. Film heaters are suitable for covering floors. The material adheres perfectly to any surface. It can be considered as additional heating of the house to the main systems.
