We understand the reasons for the weak water pressure
The existing regulations state that the pressure in the water supply system should be 4 bar. This is how you can ensure the performance of all household appliances related to water supply. In practice, it is almost impossible to meet such pressure. Since the indicator has errors, both up and down.
Common causes of the problem:
- The reason for the low pressure can be old pipes, which are thoroughly overgrown with limestone, or are covered with rust from the inside. The use of high-pressure water pumps in such cases is impractical - all piping must be replaced.
- Contaminated old filters can also affect the pressure force, changing which easily solves the problem.
- The culprit of a weak water pressure may accidentally become a neighbor from below, who installed a pipeline less than the regulated diameter during repairs.
Water pressure in various water pipes
How to choose the right plumbing
What should be considered when choosing plumbing and at what values do household appliances work? These questions are very important. Let's figure it out.
In cases of an increase in pressure indicators of more than 7 atmospheres, devices are destroyed, work at the joints is disrupted, as well as all ceramic elements.
When choosing equipment, look at the maximum safety factor. All taps, mixers and other elements must withstand 6-7 atmospheres. However, remember that during the seasonal check, this figure often goes up to 10.
Now let's talk about devices.
- All washing machines work great at two atmospheres.
- But if you have a Jacuzzi bathroom, then the pressure must be doubled.
- An indicator of four atmospheres is also perfect for watering a backyard.
- Remember to organize firefighting. It requires a pressure of at least one and a half atmospheres.
Features of the water supply
Plumbing in a town house
In the city water supply system, it is not necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the delivery of water from the well, since it all comes from the central network.
Plumbing in a private house
But the owners of private houses need to think about the resistance and pressure of water.
Autonomous water supply
Let's take a look at a few features:
- The rise of fluid from a well or well.
- The pressure should be good at any point in the system.
When using the system, there are two options for the system operation:
- Shaft wells and artesian wellsThey have a weak head. At the same time, he is not able to meet the needs of a family in which there are more than 2-3 people. The well becomes empty quickly and the pressure drops.
- Pressure well Allows you to use up to 500 liters. per day. The pump raises the pressure to 6 atmospheres. However, it is important to keep in mind leaks at the joints.
What can be done
If the problem of a weak water pressure is not in the contamination of the pipes, additional equipment will have to be installed to solve it. The installation of a booster pump for a water supply system will be justified with an uninterrupted water supply with a lack of pressure for the operability of household appliances. If the constant voltage does not exceed 1.5 bar., It is recommended to install a boost pump at the inlet of the pipeline to the house. Similar measures can be taken in multi-storey buildings suffering from pressure “deficit”.
If water does not reach your floor at all, the use of high pressure water pumps is not justified.The equipment requires a minimum pressure limit, which is regulated for a specific pump model, to provide the required output value. It is impossible to create pressure from emptiness.
There are several solutions to this problem (however, not every option is easy to implement):
- Installation of a high-pressure pumping station equipped with a large-capacity hydroaccumulator. The main element of the device is a centrifugal pump that can independently raise water to the required height, which allows you to get a good pressure at the outlet. The storage tank included in the package provides a reserve supply of liquid that can be consumed when there is no pressure in the water supply system.
- Installation of a non-pressurized tank filled with water. Usually they are mounted under the ceiling, and a small booster pump is placed directly in front of the water intake point. Its power will be enough for trouble-free water use. The main obstacle to the implementation of the project may be the small size of city apartments.
- Installation of a high-power booster pumping station equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and storage. The presence of a large supply of water will provide residents with the necessary pressure and the proper amount of liquid.
Each of the solutions requires a competent approach and the selection of special equipment.
We read the instructions and install the pump
To solve the problem with the water supply, you should not chase any exorbitant indicators in terms of pressure and pump performance. You just need to add to the existing pressure some more 1.0 - 1.5 atm (10 - 15 meters above the supply valve).
So you shouldn't have any questions about how to choose a pump, what characteristics it should have. It is enough to look through the instructions for this product or listen to the recommendations of the technical manager of the store where you decided to buy the installation. The descriptions of the pumps contain all the data on their connection to the water system (connection diagram), there are rules for installing a specific product and it is described what and how to connect in the desired sequence.
As a last resort, we turn to qualified specialists for practical help in installing and adjusting the pump at your summer cottage, cottage or high-rise building.
You can learn more about the principle of operation of the listed pumps, how their automation works, you can find out from the articles on our website under the heading "Useful - Articles": or by calling our consultant.
We also advise you to watch a video on this topic and clearly find out which pump to choose, how to install it correctly, what you need when repairing it.
Sep 10, 2019adminlawsexp
Pump selection
The key criteria that need to be clarified before purchasing equipment are performance and pressure rise.
The performance indicator is measured in liters per minute. For the simultaneous operation of 2 taps (for example, in the bathroom and in the kitchen), 10 l / min will be enough. Adding additional water supply points will require 15 l / min.
The magnitude of the pressure rise is measured in bars or atmospheres. 1 bar ~ 1 atm.
Pressure Requirements:
- Washing machine connection - 2 atm.
- Use of a fire extinguishing system - 3 atm.
- Jacuzzi, shower with hydromassage, watering of the area - 4 atm.
The maximum pressure limit for domestic water supply is 7 atm. Exceeding the value can lead to destruction of the water supply system.
Other selection criteria are related to secondary factors: operating conditions, degree of comfort, economic efficiency. These criteria include:
- type - vortex or centrifugal;
- operating mode - manual or automatic.
- liquid temperature - pumps for cold or hot water + universal models;
- casing cooling system - dry or wet rotor.
If, to correct the situation, the installation of a booster pump for water is required, you need to familiarize yourself not only with the selection criteria for the device, but also with the types of pumps.
Pump types
Modern pumps are classified by rotor type: dry or wet.
The first has an asymmetric shape (due to the power unit located to the side). It is equipped with its own cooling system. The design provides for console mounting of the device to the wall. The equipment has decent performance characteristics, it is capable of fully servicing several water intake points at the same time.
The second type of high-pressure water pumps is compact, makes less noise and does not need additional preventive measures. The rubbing elements are lubricated with the pumped liquid. Installation is carried out by direct insertion of the device into the pipe before the water intake or household appliance. The disadvantage of such models is considered to be low performance.
Power selection rules
As already mentioned, in order to avoid malfunctions in the system, it is necessary to correctly determine the optimal power of the installation for increasing the pressure. Comfortable water procedures and starting an automatic machine requires a pressure within 2 atmospheres. When the operation of a jacuzzi, hydromassage and shower cabin is envisaged, the pressure must exceed the specified parameters and correspond to 5-6 atmospheres.
To determine the existing head, you can use a pressure gauge or an ordinary liter can, measuring the amount of water that poured out of the tap in a minute. Then you should decide on the needs. If, when you open the kitchen tap, it becomes impossible to take a shower, then a booster pump for the water supply system will be enough, which can add a couple of atmospheres. However, when it is envisaged to use a shower stall, washing machine, or other similar equipment at the same time, the consultation of an engineer will be required.
Features of use
Booster pumps can be used in cold water mains and in hot water heating systems. When looking at the technical documentation, find out what kind of water your chosen model is intended for.
Water temperature can reduce its useful life. If you are dealing with a multipurpose pump, most manufacturers guarantee that the unit will operate normally at a boom ambient temperature of 40 ° C or less and an internal temperature of 90 ° C.
The pump is installed vertically, with this installation, a higher efficiency of the mechanism is achieved (horizontal installation is possible on individual orders, but it is considered less effective).
In order to optimally use the efficiency of the device, it is mounted directly in front of the area where high water pressure is required, in the direction of its movement.
For a stable water supply, it is better to install a booster pump simultaneously with a storage tank.
Benefits:
• The mechanism of the booster pump provides stable, constant parameters of the system (pressure and required volume of flow)
• The pump is installed inside ready-made plumbing and heating systems. Due to its compactness, it does not take up a special place in the living room;
• The boost pump is installed inside the pipeline. Self-cooling occurs due to the circulation of water inside it. Therefore, no special devices are required to prevent overheating.
• Pump operation is only possible if there is water in the pipeline. In its absence, the pump automatically turns off;
• The pump is a sealless device that does not require control and additional maintenance;
• The device is a sealed structure, so its operation is possible even in situations of flooded premises (which happens in basements in autumn and spring, periods of rains, snow melting, river floods, etc.);
• Since the pump does not require additional cooling units, the entire system runs almost silently.
Link to description of one of the booster pump models:
How does a pump to increase water pressure work?
The water pump for raising the water in the water supply system functions due to the fact that it is equipped with a small electric motor. During operation, pressure builds up in the pipes. The pump is equipped with a robust plastic casing, which is quite compact in size.
When the water flow reaches 1.5 cubic meters, the motion sensor petal changes position. As a result, the pump automatically turns on. When the water flow stops, the device turns off.
Sometimes it is necessary to use more than one pressure boosting pump, but 2 or more. For example, if the plumbing system in the house was originally designed with defects.
Models and characteristics. Which pressure pump is better
The domestic market for water pressure pumps is vast and varied. It presents a large number of products from manufacturers from around the world. The most popular are the following models:
Sprut 15WBX-8.
Sprut 15WBX-8 - Photo 08
It is a vortex pump for increasing water pressure, designed for installation in an apartment. Possesses technical data:
- cooling method: dry rotor;
- operating mode: automatic;
- minimum inlet pressure: 0.3 bar;
- working pressure, no more: 6 bar;
- power: no more than 0.09 kW;
- productivity: not less than 8 l / min;
- maximum weight: 2.24 kg.
Aquatica 774715.
Designed for use as a water pressure boosting pump in a private house. Recommended to maintain the pressure required to ensure the performance of gas water heaters, washing machines and dishwashers. Pump technical parameters:
- cooling method: wet rotor;
- operating mode: automatic;
- power, no more: 0.09 kW;
- productivity, not less: 10 l / min;
- maximum weight: 2.8 kg.
We advise Autonomous water supply of a private house from a well, schemes
Euroaqua 15WB-10 - Photo 10
Euroaqua 15WB-10.
A recirculation pump for increasing the pressure of water in the house is used if it is necessary to create a sufficient water pressure for the operation of household appliances (water heaters, etc.). Its technical data:
- cooling method: dry rotor;
- operating mode: automatic;
- power: not less than 0.12 kW;
- productivity: 14 l / min;
- maximum weight: 3.3 kg.
Katran 774713 - Photo 11
Katran 774713.
The circulation pump serves to increase the water pressure in the house and is characterized by technical parameters:
- cooling method: wet rotor;
- operating mode: automatic;
- power, minimum: 0.1 kW;
- weight: 2.7 kg.
Installation of a pump to increase the pressure in the apartment
Installation of a pressure boosting system is not difficult. You will need to turn off the water supply tap. A pipe is cut out in the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe installation of the device, and in its place a pump is mounted, equipped with two taps, outgoing and incoming. These elements will ensure that the water is turned off if it becomes necessary to repair or replace the pump.
Installation features
When installing, take into account the direction of movement of the liquid, which is indicated by the arrows of the device. In the process of work, technologies are used that are provided for a specific type of pipes and material for manufacturing a pump for pumping water. Polymer pipes will need to be soldered, metal-plastic pipes are connected with fittings. The integrity of the structure is checked with the motor running. Installation of equipment is carried out taking into account the attached instructions.
Criteria for choosing a particular scheme
When it comes to civil and industrial buildings, the pressure increase in their networks can be carried out in three ways. We have already mentioned reserve tanks and pumping units.
The third way is the use of hydropneumatic installations. In order to choose the most optimal option from them, the designers must know what the water consumption regime will be, and what pressure at the inlet of the pipeline into the building must be guaranteed.
A little more about pressure tanks
These containers are called regulating containers. Their main task is to accumulate water with its unstable amount, which can be used not only as drinking water, but also for fire extinguishing. A brief instruction with an approximate diagram, we have given above - in the table.
When the option of increasing the pressure with a tank is used, the most optimal scheme is with the upper piping, which is used mainly in low-rise industrial buildings. In this case, both the tank and the highway itself are located at the highest point of the building - on the technical floor under the roof.
Roof technical floor: top wired system
So:
- In a multi-storey building, especially a residential one, the intensive analysis of water in the daytime prevents the tank from filling up. And sometimes, even at night, the external network does not provide such a pressure that is necessary to create a reserve. In this case, the tanks are also installed in attics, but at the same time, pumping pumps are certainly introduced into the system.
- The tank is made of sheet steel with a protective coating and is either rectangular or cylindrical. Under it, to collect and drain condensate, a metal or reinforced concrete pallet is installed.
- In the upper part, a supply line is connected to the tank, and connected to the float valve. The distribution line is located at the bottom of the tank. An overflow pipeline is also provided, located approximately at the level of two-thirds of the tank height.
- Its diameter is twice the diameter of the supply pipe. From above it is equipped with a funnel, and from the bottom it is connected to the sewer. To break the jet, the connection is made through an intermediate tank with a water seal. The drain pipe is also connected to the overflow pipe, through which the condensate outflow from the pallet is carried out.
House water supply with pressure switch and control tank
By the same principle, autonomous systems work, in which a pressure tank (hydroaccumulator) plays a major role. The only difference is in the volume of the tank, and the characteristics of the pumps used in the system.
Boost installations
Such equipment is used in situations where a lack of pressure in the system is felt not only periodically, but also systematically:
- The main elements of the booster units are centrifugal pumps. There are at least two of them in the unit, since one of them must always be in reserve.
- The pumps and the electric motor are installed on a foundation and are adequately cushioned and soundproofed. And, nevertheless, they are not used under residential premises, as well as in medical, children's and educational institutions. Basically, this is the prerogative of industrial buildings.
- Pumps are selected based on their performance and head. Moreover, with a water tank, one flow rate of liters per second will be obtained, and without it, it will be completely different. When the head in the external network does not reach 5m, the tank can be located directly in front of the pumping unit.
- In residential multi-storey buildings today, hydropneumatic installations are used, which are much more advanced and economical. Their work is fully automated, since the pumps are switched on and off at the command of the sensors.
Automatic installation for increasing the pressure in the network
- In the photo presented above for clarity, you see that the installation kit includes a control cabinet, in which, in fact, all the automation is concentrated. The hydropneumatic unit has a more complex configuration than a conventional pumping station.
- In it, in addition to a sealed container, a pump and control devices, there is also a compressor and an air tank. Compressed air from it is supplied to the hydraulic tank. The air pressure exceeds the operating pressure in the storage tank. As water is consumed from it, the pressure will decrease.
- When the indicator reaches a predetermined minimum, which is determined by the pressure switch, at its command the pump will turn on, which will pump water into the tank. When the normal limit is reached, again at the command of the sensor, the pump will turn off.
Thus, the pump does not need to run continuously and is only activated as needed. All household pumping stations work according to the same principle.
Factors leading to a decrease in head
If we talk about centralized water supply, then here we can note such factors that contribute to a decrease in the pressure in pipelines.
It:
- Massive water withdrawal on the mains, the peak of which occurs during the irrigation season;
- High degree of pipeline wear. As a rule, it is assembled from steel pipes, and this material corrodes over time. Dross settles on their inner walls, and their clearance is significantly reduced;
- Insufficiently powerful pumping equipment operated by the distribution station, or its malfunction;
- Poor power supply, due to which the pumps are forced to stand idle;
- Broken tightness of the pipeline or fittings, which leads to leaks;
The private sector consumes the most water
Internal corrosion of water pipes
Leakage of water from the main
Organization of autonomous water supply from underground water intake
- The seasonal increase in water utilization does not apply to those private properties that do not feed from the central network, but have their own underground source.
- In this case, a decrease in pressure in the network may be associated with insufficient flow rate of the well or well. This problem requires a serious solution, and those who have encountered it need to look for materials on this topic.
- The reasons for the insufficient pressure in the autonomous network may also be the wrong selection of pumping equipment, or its malfunction. It is much easier to eliminate them - as well as to solve the problem with the pressure on the upper floors of the house.
All the same accumulators come to the rescue, which can be installed at least on every floor. So, normal water supply at home at low pressure is not a problem at all today. At the same time, the financial investments for the introduction of a booster installation into the high-rise mainline, or the installation of a household pumping station in the water supply network of a private house, cannot be called excessive.
