Rules for preparing a residential building for the heating season

Services for pressure testing of pipelines of the heating system in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Pipeline - Design. Supply. Installation. Warming. Flushing.

Warranty - heating season.

6 years for a legal entity, which means that the work will be completed on time, and the guarantee will be fulfilled.

Pipeline pressure testing - This is a hydraulic test of heating systems, heat exchangers and boilers for tightness. The crimping process takes place under pressure as close as possible to the extreme for this system. Pipeline testing is performed in order to detect leaks and poor-quality connections.

Hydraulic testing of the pipeline - the same as pressure testing of pipes, heating systems, heat exchangers, boilers, pumps, metering devices and other pipeline elements. Hydraulic tests of the pipeline are carried out during the inter-heating period, in preparation for the heating season. A way to check the safety margin of a pipeline by non-destructive testing.

Preparing for the heating season - pressure testing, flushing, hydraulic testing of the heating system pipeline. A set of measures aimed at checking, revising, restoring the pipeline of the heating system. Performed in the summer. Accompanied by the shutdown of the coolant on the first heating circuit 150/70.

Sealing engineering bushings in buildings - inputs of heating networks into buildings should be taken sealed. In the foundations (walls of basements), the gap between the surface of the heat-insulating structure of the pipe and the lintel above the opening should be provided for at least 30 cm and not less than the calculated value of the subsidence during the construction of buildings using a set of measures. The gap should be filled with elastic materials. The bottom of the channel adjacent to the building must be at least 50 cm higher than the foot of the foundation.

Preparation for the heating season

11.1. In preparation for the heating season, in order to ensure the reliability of heat supply to consumers, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures in a timely manner, the main of which are:

11.2. In preparation for the upcoming heating season, defects in the operation of equipment and deviations from the hydraulic and thermal regimes are identified, work plans are drawn up, the necessary technical documentation and material and technical resources are prepared. Schedules of preparation for the upcoming heating period of heat sources, heating networks and heat consumption systems are developed before the end of the current heating period, but no later than May of the current year. 11.3. To ensure reliable and safe operation of heat supply systems, timely elimination of accidents and prevent their development, organizations conduct training on interaction of personnel in the elimination of emergency situations, organizational and technical measures (instructions) have been developed. 11.4. Prior to the beginning of the heating season, heat supply organizations develop and approve in local governments the schedules for limiting the supply of heat energy and heat carrier in case of urgent measures to prevent or eliminate accidents in the heat supply system. 11.5. To check the readiness for the heating period, when accepting heat points, it is checked and drawn up by acts:

11.6. To check the readiness of the heating systems and the heat supply system as a whole for operation in the heating season, test furnaces are carried out before it starts.Test furnaces are carried out after the completion of the preparation of the heat supply system for the autumn-winter period. The beginning and duration of test furnaces are determined by the schedule of the heat supply organization, which should be agreed with the local government body and brought to the attention of consumers no later than three days before the start of the test furnace. 11.7. The heating period begins if, within five days, the average daily outdoor temperature is +8 degrees. C and below, and ends if within five days the average daily temperature of the outside air is +8 degrees. C and above. Switching on and off of heat consumption systems is carried out according to the schedule agreed with the power supply organization. 11.8. At the end of the heating season or at shutdown, the boilers and auxiliary equipment of the boiler house are preserved. Preservation methods are selected by a specialized commissioning organization, based on local conditions, based on the recommendations of the current guidelines for the preservation of heat and power equipment and are included in the preservation instructions approved by the technical director of the organization. When hot water boilers are put into operation, as well as before the start of the heating season, heating networks and internal heat consumption systems are pre-flushed. 11.9. Power supply organizations with heat sources ensure the creation of standard fuel reserves in a timely manner.

__________________________________________

It is only necessary to inspect the following factors:

• Heat consumption of the premises;
• Presence / absence of blockages in the profile;
• Are there any broken rigging or leaks;
• Audit of the structure for the presence of traffic jams;
• Is the chimney cleaned;

You can apply this development planning to the OP as an example. However, many subscribers do not prepare for winter at all. But experts advise to do this event every autumn or at least once every 2 years or no less. What will depend on both the profitability of heating and your security.

Cleaning the heating system before the heating season

The first thing to do is flush the inside of the heating system. This stage of preparation for the heating season is very important. Scale and other impurities settle on pipes and radiators inside. As a result, the wall thickness increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. Accordingly, the heating circuit starts to work worse, energy costs rise.

Professional booster.

There are many flushing options, but chemical cleaning is the most popular among owners of autonomous heating systems. The method does not imply the use of special expensive equipment. You only need one that you can easily do with your own hands. The principle of flushing is that an acidic solution is circulated along the circuit for several hours.

The acid corrodes not only scale, but also rust, sometimes it can damage the paranite or rubber gaskets. It happens that leaks appear after cleaning with a chemical method. This is good, since the weak points were identified even before the start of the heating season and there is enough time for repairs.

You could probably see how the contours from steel pipes and cast-iron radiators are painted over the old layer. Over time, the metal becomes overgrown with such a layer of paint, which significantly reduces thermal conductivity.

Replacing the coolant before the heating season

The next stage in preparing the heating system for the heating season is replacing the coolant. If, after flushing the heating system, no leaks and faulty elements were detected, then the circuit can be filled with coolant and it is already ready for operation. It is necessary to change the liquid in the heating system, even if cleaning has not been carried out.Experts recommend pouring distilled water or non-freezing liquid into the circuit.

If you have a double-circuit boiler, do not use antifreeze.

Antifreeze has its own service life, after which the liquid begins to disintegrate into components. The most dangerous component is hydrochloric acid. It turns out that if you do not change the anti-freeze, then acid will circulate along the circuit, which will quickly destroy all elements of the system. The resource of the anti-freeze liquid is indicated on the package.

You can fill the heating system:

• using a crimping pump;
• by making up from the water supply;
• you can even fill in the coolant with a bucket.

If the coolant contains the minimum iron content, and the PH is close to optimal, then the equipment (boiler, pump, radiators) will last much longer. The requirements for the quality of the coolant are indicated in the product passport.

A set of measures for the preparation of units of heating systems

Specialists carry out flushing of heating systems after the end of the heating season. The purpose of the measures is to wash out various deposits, dirt, scale and blockages accumulated in pipelines and radiators, accumulated during operation, to test the strength of the heating system pipelines.

Flushing equipment for efficient heat consumption involves one of 3 methods:

• Hydraulic flushing method... The process is carried out by creating water circulation in the heating system at a speed that is several times higher than the operating speed. For the efficiency of flushing heating systems, the value of the hydraulic resistance of the heating system is determined. If the value is large, the site must be opened for visual inspection and removal of all blockages.
• Hydropneumatic flushing... The method has established itself as the most rational. Despite its ease of use, flushing is quite effective and time-saving. The hydropneumatic flushing method is used after repairs, laying pipelines, with high values ​​of hydraulic resistance, during water pollution, with an unpleasant odor in an open water supply system. For flushing, a source of compressed air is used - stationary or mobile compressor electrical installations.
• Chemical washing method... With a decrease in the efficiency of heat transfer of the heating system, an acidic or alkaline reagent is used to dissolve and soften the plaque inside the pipes. After cleaning the system, the solution is removed and the heating system is filled with a coolant.

Pressure testing is a set of measures for hydraulic testing of heating system units by means of high pressure. In the course of work, our specialists assess the state of the unit and the overall performance of the system. The tightness of the joints and the presence of leaks are determined using a pressure gauge.

The heating system is pressurized in situations:

• installation of equipment for heating / water supply systems;
• preparation of a building, a residential building for the heating season;
• system maintenance;
• overhaul of pipelines;
• work related to the reconstruction of the ITP;
• replacement of devices: valves, rotary-regulating mechanisms;
• commissioning of pipelines of the facility.

The cost of crimping is influenced by the current state of the heat supply system, the volume of communications of the building, the cost of work, the state of the heat pipe and pipeline.

Beginning of work

The Russian Federation includes many subjects located in a variety of climatic conditions. Depending on the specific region, the heating period for 2017-2018 will be launched at different times. In addition, experts take into account seasonal characteristics, since weather conditions even in one region can vary greatly from year to year.

The same applies to preparatory work, since their timing is in direct proportion to the start of heating systems. Nevertheless, there are certain time frames established by law, in which all work must fit:

• 10th of March. Prior to this date, test work on hydraulic testing of heat exchange systems should be started;
• March 12. On this date, the start of testing of heating mains and heating stations is scheduled;
• May 25. By this date, all repair and other preparatory work must be completed;
• October 15th. The last day when it is allowed to start heating houses and buildings of social infrastructure. In exceptional cases, for certain premises, this period may be extended by two weeks.

However, the heating season can be opened earlier than the established date, if weather conditions require it. The following rule is legally established: if the average daily temperature for 5 days is kept at +8 degrees Celsius and below, then the heating should be started immediately, regardless of the date. This measure is due not only to the issue of ensuring a comfortable temperature in homes and other premises, but also to material and technical needs. If the heat supply systems are not put into operation at such a temperature, then they may be damaged in the future under the influence of cold weather, which entails significant financial costs.

However, the deadline for launching the operation of heating mains remains unchanged - this is October 15, 2020. The heating season will last until spring 2020. The exact date when the heating is turned off also depends on the weather conditions. Scheduled work to turn off heating systems will begin in April and may last the entire month.

Correctional and adjustment activities

1. If violations or other inconsistencies are revealed, in addition, if the equipment is in doubt, their amendment, change, readjustment of devices to a different schedule or debugging of the previous one are made;
2. Carrying out flushing, selecting chemical or hydrodynamic equipment;
3. Change of oil seals and various packings in the equipment of the heating station;
4. If necessary, replacement of insulation, painting of the pipeline, production of numbering of components, in accordance with the functioning program;
5. Cleaning or repairing safe elements, sedimentation tanks, in addition, strains;
6. Testing of all components of the subject, for the early detection of breakdowns and their elimination before the start of the TP for use at the OZP. Classes of approbation:

• Hydraulic;
• Testing for the highest t of the coolant;
• Testing for hydro and thermal waste;
• Performing the necessary operations to drive the electrical equipment of the heating point to the proper condition, according to the needs of the regulatory documentation;

Beginning of work

The Russian Federation includes many subjects located in a variety of climatic conditions. Depending on the specific region, the heating period for 2017-2018 will be launched at different times. In addition, experts take into account seasonal characteristics, since weather conditions even in one region can vary greatly from year to year.

The same applies to preparatory work, since their timing is in direct proportion to the start of heating systems. Nevertheless, there are certain time frames established by law, in which all work must fit:

• 10th of March. Prior to this date, test work on hydraulic testing of heat exchange systems should be started;
• March 12. On this date, the start of testing of heating mains and heating stations is scheduled;
• May 25. By this date, all repair and other preparatory work must be completed;
• October 15th.The last day when it is allowed to start heating houses and buildings of social infrastructure. In exceptional cases, for certain premises, this period may be extended by two weeks.

However, the heating season can be opened earlier than the established date, if weather conditions require it. The following rule is legally established: if the average daily temperature for 5 days is kept at +8 degrees Celsius and below, then the heating should be started immediately, regardless of the date. This measure is due not only to the issue of ensuring a comfortable temperature in homes and other premises, but also to material and technical needs. If the heat supply systems are not put into operation at such a temperature, then they may be damaged in the future under the influence of cold weather, which entails significant financial costs.

However, the deadline for launching the operation of heating mains remains unchanged - this is October 15, 2020. The heating season will last until spring 2020. The exact date when the heating is turned off also depends on the weather conditions. Scheduled work to turn off heating systems will begin in April and may last the entire month.

Preparing the heating system for winter step by step

There is no life without heating. It is very unpleasant to stay in winter without heating or on the eve of frost to understand that the house is warming up in parts or the radiators are "slightly warm". Preparing the heating system for the winter, which must be done strictly step by step, will help to avoid the problem.

Heating system preparation steps

The first step is to check the tightness of the heating circuit. For this, we fill the heating system with water. Filling is done through the drain valve, it is the lowest in the system. Bottom water filling allows air to be forced out of the system.

The system is completely filled, and the air release is controlled using air vents.

We leave the filled system for 1-2 hours. This time is enough to bypass the entire heating system and check the absence or presence of leaks in the system.

We pay special attention to the connection points of heating devices, pipe connections and all kinds of threaded connections

We pay special attention to the readings of the manometer. If you do not see leaks, but the pressure of the manometer drops, then we continue to look for leaks.

We mark the found leaks for elimination.

If possible, we fix the leaks immediately. If the leak is serious, then we eliminate it after draining the water and re-check the system for leaks.

After eliminating the leaks, if any, of course, we proceed to the next step of the check - pressure testing. Pressure testing is the same test of the heating system, but under pressure, 1.5 atm. We complete the pressure testing with a control start-up of the heating boiler.

Important! Depending on the type of boiler, starting up the boiler also requires some checks. The boiler check is done according to the boiler operating instructions.

So for a gas boiler, you need to carefully check the gas pipeline and the inlet, gas fitting.

After starting the heating boiler, go to the next step, check the heating radiators. We go through all the radiators and feel each section of the radiator. If we find that the radiator section has not warmed up, then we lower the temperature in the system, poison the air to eliminate air congestion and check the system again. If we find that the sections of individual radiators do not warm up well, then these radiators need to be noted and washed after draining the water.

When all checks are certified, it remains to flush the entire system under pressure with clean water.

The preparation of the heating system for winter is completed by filling the proven system with a heat carrier (water or antifreeze).

Obotoplenii.ru

Other articles in the section: Heating installation

• Heating system pumps: types and methods of installation of heating circulation pumps
• About the heating system: the components of the heating system
• Heating installation tools
• About home heating: professionals about the installation of heating systems
• 10 answers to the practical use of antifreeze in heating systems

The importance of preparation

It is necessary to check the heating systems for winter readiness in advance, since not only the comfort of staying in the house, but also its safety as a whole depends on the preservation of the functionality. Depending on the type of malfunction, it is possible either to simply remain without heat, or to face the need to carry out a full-scale repair if there was a pipe break or depressurization of the radiators.

To ensure the most complete inspection of the heating system of the house, preparatory measures should be carried out in several stages, the sequential implementation of which guarantees a comprehensive inspection of all elements.

Certificate of readiness of heating systems and heating networks sample

The act of readiness of the heating systems and heating networks of the consumer for operation in the heating period of 2014 - 2020

Settlement "____" _____________ 20___ We, the undersigned, the Perm department of EDMTO represented by (position, full name) made the acceptance of the heating networks of the building and heating networks

The test and inspection results are as follows:

1. During the hydraulic test, the pressure was raised to the required gks / cm2 according to the instructions. In this case: a) after 15 minutes. After turning off the press, the arrow dropped to ____ gks / cm2. b) the specific point of water per 1 m3 of volume did not exceed __________ t / h, m3.

2. When inspecting the system, the following defects: a) for building insulation b) for insulation c) for devices d) for cranes

3. Condition of hatches on the external networks of the consumer

4. Flushing the network and system

The consumer is obliged to eliminate the defects established by this act of readiness of heating systems and heating networks by

Subject to the elimination of the above defects, the system can be allowed to be connected to the heating network of the heat supply organization

Defects are eliminated, the subscriber's system is full and is considered accepted from "______" ________________ 20 _____.

Representative of the heat supply organization ________________ Representative of the consumer ________________ "______" _______________ 20 ____

Incoming search terms:

• act on the technical readiness of heating networks and power receivers of installations (24)
• flushing of heating networks before the start of the heating season, form of act (1)
• certificate of preparation for the heating season form (1)
• heating season preparation certificate (1)
• certificate of readiness for the heating season sample (1)
• certificate of readiness for the heating season form (1)
• certificate of readiness of the heating system for the heating season sample (1)
• act of readiness of the heating system and heating networks of the consumer for operation in the heating period 2017-2018 (1)
• certificate of readiness of the object for the heating season sample (1)
• certificate of readiness of the object for the heating season (1)

A selection of the most important documents on demand Heating season

(regulations, forms, articles, expert advice and much more).

Regulations: Heating season

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354 (as amended on 06/27/2017) "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (together with the "Rules for the provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential houses ") 5. If heat energy for the needs of heating premises is supplied to in-building engineering systems through centralized networks of engineering and technical support, then the contractor begins and ends the heating period within the time limits established by the authorized body. The heating period must begin no later than and end no earlier than the day following the end of the 5-day period, during which, respectively, the average daily outdoor temperature is below 8 degrees Celsius or the average daily outdoor temperature is above 8 degrees Celsius.

Articles, comments, answers to questions: Heating season

Circumstances of the case: An accident occurred on the heating main during the heating season. It was possible to turn off the heat supply for no more than three hours.In this regard, the customer entered into a contract for the elimination of the consequences of this accident with a single contractor. There was no competitive procurement procedure. The antimonopoly authority found the customer's actions unlawful.

The conclusion is based on the fact that in an emergency situation associated with the supply of heat to the house during the heating season, the employee was obliged to provide access to her apartment for repair work. Her absence from the workplace was due to good reasons.

The document is available: in the commercial version ConsultantPlus

Forms of documents: Heating season

Form: Act of checking the readiness for the heating period of municipalities (heat supply and heating network organizations, heat consumers, heat-consuming installations of which are connected to the heat supply system) (recommended sample)

The document is available: in the commercial version ConsultantPlus

Form: Passport of readiness for the heating period of the municipality, heat supply organization, heating network organization, heat energy consumer, in respect of which the readiness for the heating period was checked (recommended sample) (Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 12.03.2013 N 103)

The document is available: in the commercial version ConsultantPlus

The article was written based on materials from the sites: pandia.ru, dogovor-obrazets.ru, domvpavlino.ru.

Insulation check

Also, the overall thermal insulation of the house also affects the efficiency of the heating system, since even with the direct heating in full serviceability in the cold season, the temperature will differ from the calculated indicators. In this case, we are talking about checking the tightness of windows, insulating the foundation and roof. The ventilation system requires special attention.

The process of preparing a house and heating system for cold weather is a system of preventive measures. For the high-quality performance of most of them, it is necessary to have both special knowledge and skills, and to use certain equipment. Our company offers the service of visiting a specialist who will conduct an initial inspection of the heating system and, if necessary, carry out the required measures. Such a solution will minimize risks and reduce the time of putting the heating system into operation. To call a specialist, call the contact number or leave a request on the website.

Preparing the heating system for the winter season

When creating any type of individual heating, first of all, it is necessary to comply with fire safety rules. This is especially true for houses with stove heating. Your actions:

1. Check chimney and stove for damage. If necessary, fix the masonry, replace the grates and cover the cracks with clay mortar.
2. Be sure to clean the chimney from accumulated soot.
3. Check the contact of the chimney with the elements of the roofing system. The wooden structure should not fit snugly against the chimney.
4. Whitewash the repaired structure and heat the oven. If not all cracks are repaired, you will immediately see.
5. Move furniture away from the stove at a distance of at least one meter.
6. Cover the floor covering near the firebox and ash pan with a sheet of iron or lay out with tiles.
7. Check the operation of the chimney damper and the integrity of the hob, if any.
8. Move the electrical system wires, sockets and switches located near the stove to another place.
9. Set aside a separate dry room to store firewood and coal. Calculate the fuel supply in advance so that it will last for the season.
10. Protect your family from possible carbon monoxide poisoning by installing a simple gas detector.

The rules for preparing and conducting the heating season in a private house using electric heating also need to be known and followed:

1. First of all, carefully inspect the cables and, if necessary, replace them. Do not use wires with broken insulation - this is a direct path to spontaneous combustion.
2. Call a technician to service the electric heaters in your home.
3. In order not to be left without heat during natural disasters and possible damage to the power line, take care of an alternative way to heat your home. It can be a gas boiler, a wood-burning stove or a fireplace that is independent of the energy carrier.

If you are using a gas boiler for your home, preparation for the heating season will also be needed. Your actions:

1. Call a specialist from the gas service for a technical inspection of the equipment.
2. Check the operation of the ventilation ducts in the room where the equipment is located.
3. Check the heating system for water filling. Top up with water if necessary so that all batteries and pipes warm up evenly.
4. Check the operation of the shut-off devices on the heating system.
5. Paint pipes outside and inside the house.

Get started now

1. Check all windows. Put plastic structures in the winter mode. Replace worn seals.
2. The entrance doors also need to be insulated. Metal structures do not retain heat in the house if there is no insulation.
3. Apply Styrofoam sheets to the plastered exterior walls and apply a new layer of plaster.
4. The attic space is insulated in a variety of ways. The easiest way is to smear the base of the attic with a mixture of clay and straw. If the premises are not inhabited, install mineral wool. For the attic, use penoizol. There are many ways. Choose the one that suits you best.
5. Install foil screens behind the batteries to help keep your home warm.

Now your home is winter-prepared and your financial energy costs will be significantly reduced. You will find not only coziness and warmth in cold weather, but also saving the family budget if, after reading the article, follow all our recommendations.

Russia is one of the most difficult climatic countries. Many regions of the country experience long frosty winters every year.

That is why, since Soviet times, special attention has been paid to preparatory work. Preparations for the heating season 2017-2018 of heat supply facilities began in the spring of this year

Its efficiency will determine when and to what extent Russian cities will receive heat in autumn.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of preparing energy supply facilities for winter, given that most houses, schools, hospitals and buildings of other social authorities in the country are heated by the district heating system. The same goes for industrial enterprises. To control the process of preparation for the heating season, a department of fuel and energy facilities was formed. It is he who establishes the program of preparatory measures on which the heating season 2017-2018 in Moscow and the regions of the country depends.

The larger the subject (city, settlement), the more extensive work is needed to prepare it for the autumn-winter period. This is due to the total number of houses and buildings.

The existing program of preparation of settlements for the heating season includes a clearly defined sequence of measures that are ordered to be carried out by the executive authorities.

The main points of this program are:

• Formation within the relevant executive state bodies of commissions for the preparation for the heating season. The main task of such commissions is to monitor the timing and scope of all preparatory activities;
• Formation of a schedule of upcoming works, including procedures for test start-up of heating systems.Such launches make it possible to identify all existing problems in heat supply systems, identify emergency areas;
• Based on the results of test runs, a general estimate is formed, which includes the costs of all future work.

In other words, preparation for the 2017-2018 heating season consists of checking existing systems and heat supply lines in order to identify emergency areas. Carrying out timely repairs and replacing outdated equipment guarantees a stable supply of heat in the autumn-winter period to all houses and buildings of social infrastructure.

What characteristics are fixed in the protocols

In addition, on the eve of the start of the central heating station and preparation for winter for use, the following values ​​must be inspected and fixed by means of acts:

1. Condition of customers' heating lines;
2. The position of the thermal insulation of residential or social structures;
3. Whether the entire amount of corrections previously confirmed has been completed;
4. The position of the equipment of the heating facility, pipelines, stop fittings and heat insulation;
5. The presence of measuring, computing tools and mechanisms, moreover, their position;
6. The presence of technical documentation required by the supporting staff in the production of revisions and reviews - passports, instructions for use, principle scenarios;

We minimize heat loss before the heating season

You can check the house for heat loss using a thermal imager - this is a device that shows a picture in the infrared spectrum. Ideally, the check should be done in winter, and heat loss should be eliminated before the heating season begins.

A snapshot of a house in the infrared spectrum.

Ideally, on the screen of a thermal imager, the house should be blue - this means that it is cold outside, therefore, the heat does not leave the room. All places where heat escapes will be indicated in red or yellow. The brighter and more saturated the color, the higher the heat loss. The main places for heat leakage are windows and doors. Therefore, the replacement or at least sealing of windows and doors is performed first.

After all the gaps have been eliminated, the windows are replaced and you can proceed to the thermal insulation of the enclosing structures:

• walls;
• ceiling;
• foundation.

When the heating season ends, the insulation continues to work. Only now he does not let heat from the street into the room, so in summer it is cooler in such a house. Energy efficient houses are very popular today.

Instances advise the following services

• Cleaning of the OS by hydrodynamic or chemical technology (in accordance with their position) of any subscriber and injections, which is carried out in the presence of agents of local heating lines. Following this event, a resolution corresponding to the needs is completed;
• Hydrotesting of the components of the central heating station, OS to reveal violations to be repaired on the eve of the start of the heating season;
• Replacement of stuffing box packing in the installation, in addition to locking fittings;
• Washing of heat exchangers;
• Correlation of measuring devices;
• Pipeline painting;
• Preventing repair of strains along with sedimentation tanks;
• Renewal of the numbering of the entire equipment of the object in accordance with the existing sketch;

The beginning of preparing the house for the heating season

Heat supply organizations and management companies begin preparations for the heating season immediately after its end. They wash and pressurize the nets. Tests are carried out. Check and, if necessary, change valves, manometers, pipes and metering devices.

It is necessary to rinse and pressurize the nets to clean them from salts and rust. Without this, a lot of resources are spent on heating, but there is little benefit. Hydraulic tests check the strength of the network and reveal leaks. The management company and the owners eliminate them in the summer.

A complete list of requirements is contained in the Order on preparation for the heating season of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation No. 103 dated March 12, 2013. It specifies the requirements for heat supply organizations and consumers.

Preparing the house for winter and checking heating systems

Due to the peculiarities of the geographic location, the heating season in Russia is quite long. In accordance with SNIP 23-01-99, the duration of this period largely depends on what climatic zone we are talking about, and is an important indicator for centralized heating systems. For example, in northern latitudes, residential buildings and public buildings are heated for 7 or more months a year, which entails significant costs. This fact is predetermined by the peculiarities of the weather conditions in these areas.

Heating costs consist of:

• payments for the supply of energy resources;
• the costs of maintaining the system, including the repair and conservation of heating networks during the inter-heating period.

Preparing a house for winter involves carrying out activities not only of a technical, but also of an organizational nature. The owners of apartments and buildings equipped with individual heat generators carry out these works on their own.

Preparation rules heat enterprises for the heating season are established by local government authorities and are subject to mandatory execution by all housing and communal services institutions and other organizations that are responsible for the health of the systems. In the course of this work, the following objects are examined and tested:

• boiler rooms;
• local heating plants;
• internal and external heating systems.

In order for the preventive and operational work of heat supply systems to be carried out according to a single algorithm, the relevant ministry developed rules for preparing for the heating season and assessing the readiness for heat supply. They determine the procedure for conducting on-site inspections, as well as the list of state bodies responsible for their implementation.

The owners of autonomous heating systems of residential and industrial facilities independently determine the start date of the heating season, based on the climatic features of the region and current weather conditions. Often in such buildings, heating is turned on earlier than in those houses serviced by management companies and housing and communal services.

The shutdown of heating systems, in accordance with current rules, is made when, for 7 days in a row, the average daily temperature outside the window is above 8 degrees Celsius. If this parameter decreases, the heating of the houses must be resumed. In conditions of individual heat supply, the issue of stopping the supply is decided by each owner of a house or apartment independently, which makes it possible to significantly save on energy costs.

To minimize the negative impact of water on the elements of the heating network, at the end of the winter season, take measures for the conservation of heat supply equipment for the summer period. Wherein:

1. carefully inspect all parts of the heat supply system, identify malfunctions;
2. the coolant is drained from the network, after which the detected damage is eliminated;
3. check the serviceability of the automatic control lines of the circulation pump, heating boiler and other components of the system. If necessary, individual mechanisms are repaired or replaced;
4. after the completion of the repair work, the system is filled with a coolant.

Timely implementation of such events will allow you to prepare the house for winter with high quality and ensure the safety of equipment. In some areas of the system, shut-off valves are provided, which serve to remove air locks.

The standard algorithm for preparing a house for winter is reflected in the corresponding instructions, using which each homeowner can do the required work for the heating season on their own with minimal costs. According to this regulation, it is forbidden to leave the system for a long time without a coolant, because it is impossible to dry the pipes from the inside, because of which the metal elements of the structure may suffer from corrosion.

Heating quality

The main criterion for the quality of heating is the air temperature in the apartment. It depends on the air temperature outside and the temperature of the water in the heating networks. According to the Decree No. 354 on preparation for the heating season, the temperature must be above 18 C °.

To save resources and maintain a comfortable temperature in the apartment, heat supply organizations regulate the temperature of the water in the networks. If this is not done, it will be cold at home in the cold, and hot in the thaw.

The backbone networks of the heat supply organization lose heat due to slagged pipes, leaks, worn-out thermal insulation and outdated regulators. At the same time, the water temperature and pressure drop, and the heating fee is calculated by the amount of the resource sent. The situation is similar with in-house networks. A common house heat meter helps to identify losses and reduce heating costs.

The advantages of autonomous systems

First of all, autonomous heat supply systems differ from centralized networks in their efficiency. If you follow the simple rules of operation, the heating of the premises will function flawlessly. In this case, the cost of heat in the autumn-winter period will depend not so much on how many days it was supplied to the facility, but on the volume of consumed energy carriers.

In contrast to autonomous heat supply for housing and communal and power generating enterprises, the beginning and end of heat supply, as well as the schedule of preparation for the heating season, are regulated by resolutions of the regional authorities (in more detail: "Schedule of the heating season - the beginning and end of the season").
Video about the rules for preparing for the heating season: