Mineral wool weight 1 m³: what it depends on and how to calculate

In the process of building houses, cottages, different types of heaters are used.

And if you are building or reconstructing your home yourself, sooner or later you will be faced with the question of which insulation to choose?

Today, the building materials market has a huge selection of manufacturers and brands of insulation.

They are all designed for, flooring and more.

Insulation is chosen according to their technical characteristics.

Specifications :

The main parameter of the characteristics of the insulation, which will be discussed in our article today, is the density. The density of the insulation varies from 11 to 400 kg / m3.

Insulation classification by density level

Usually everyone remembers the physics of the school and associates the density of the insulation with weight, mass.

The heavier - the better, but this does not always follow, based on what factors and what operating conditions.

The choice of insulation directly depends on the budget, no matter how paradoxical it sounds, and of course the load on the structure as a whole or on a certain element.

According to the density of the material, the following classification is distinguished:

Extra light

There are also grades with non-uniform stiffness, one side is sealed on the outside, and the other is soft on the inside.

The density and thickness of the insulation has a direct relationship. That is, for different types of floors, different heaters are required, both in thickness and in terms of the density of thermal insulation, etc.

Hence, we conclude that the thickness depends on its application:

• For the roof - 20-30 cm.
• For the basement - 5-15 cm.
• For the attic - 10-15 cm.
• For external walls - 5-10 cm.

The denser the material, the less the thickness.

Comparison of heaters

And now we will compare some heaters with you.

Mineral wool

One of the most versatile materials, the density varies from 30 to 200 kg / m3.

Almost all structural elements of buildings. It is produced in the water of slabs, mats, rolls.

Most of the large producers of mineral wool (Technonikol, Knauf, Izorok) produce mineral insulation.

There are also manufacturers who produce mineral wool with certain characteristics.

Ursa, Knauf produce materials with a density of 11 to 35 kg / m3, which are suitable only for roofing work.

Foamed polyethylene

Has a density of up to 25 kg / m3, it is used as a substrate for a finishing floor covering. There are options using foil, they have a density of about 55 kg / m3, they are mainly used for walls.

Styrofoam

The density is from 80 to 160 kg / m3, it is used for insulation of walls, floors, where it is required to provide sufficient strength. Available in various sizes of slabs.

It must be remembered that for each object under construction, individual calculations are made on the choice of insulation. We recommend buying insulation from time-tested manufacturers.

Price

The average price of insulation for 1 m2 practically does not depend on the manufacturer and with a thickness of 50 mm averages 100 rubles.

The density of the insulation is its mass per 1 m3 of volume, which is also called the specific gravity. It is she who determines the methods of installation and the choice of material in general.

Description of different manufacturers

Today in the construction market there are many manufacturers who produce mineral wool. Each insulation has its own technological characteristics.

Knauf

This manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture of mineral wool, which can be used for civil construction projects. Knauf insulation can be mounted on any surface.For the production of a heat insulator used: quartz sand, glass industry waste and a binder. This gives good indicators of the characteristics of wall insulation.

In the photo - minwat Knauf

The material is produced in rolls, swings and slabs. The most popular are such types of insulation as Premium and Cottage. Premium is a heat insulator, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used for external or internal insulation. It is produced in the form of plates, the thickness of which is 5 cm, the dimensions of the plate are 61x123 cm.

Minvata Cottage is produced in rolls and slabs. Plates have standard dimensions, but the thickness can be 50 or 100 mm. The dimensions of the rolls are 122x614.8 cm, and the thickness is 5 cm. This insulation is characterized by high elasticity, due to which the installation process is simplified.

Ursa

This material is produced in the form of slabs and mats. It is based on fiberglass. Sand, dolomite and fine threads are used in the manufacture. The fibers are fixed with a fire retardant adhesive. The technological properties of the insulation make it possible to use it for thermal insulation and sound insulation of residential and industrial buildings.

In the photo - minvata Ursa

Ursa mineral wool is characterized by the following properties:

• thermal conductivity 0.035-0.044 W / m * C;
• vapor permeability 0.51-0.64 mg / m * h * Pa;
• moisture absorption no more than 1 kg / m. sq;
• does not burn;
• service life from -60 to +300 degrees.

But what kind of insulation with foil exists in addition to Ursa cotton wool is described in this article.

The manufacturer produces material in rolls, each of which has a specific width: 600 mm, 610 mm and 1200 mm. The thickness is 10, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mm. Thanks to this variety, they open up ample opportunities for high-quality thermal insulation on various surfaces.

For Ursa mineral wool in the form of slabs, the following dimensions are characteristic:

• standard width - 600 mm;
• length - 1000 or 1250 mm.

What are the characteristics of basalt wool and where in construction it is used most often, the information from this article will help to understand.

How foil basalt wool is used for a fireplace and whether it is worth using it is described in this article.

But which cotton wool is better than basalt or mineral wool is described and compared in great detail in this article: https://resforbuild.ru/paneli/utepliteli/bazaltovaya-ili-mineralnaya-vata-chto-luchshe.html

What reviews of TechnoNIKOL rocklight stone wool exist, is described in this article.

Izoroc

The process of making the material is carried out from molten basalt rock. Special additives are added to the molten magma. Produced in the form of slabs or mats.

In the photo - minvata Izorok

Minwata Izorok has the following advantages:

• long service life;
• high rates of sound insulation;
• ecological cleanliness;
• low thermal conductivity;
• light weight;
• versatility;
• ease of installation.

Minwata Izorok has the following technical characteristics:

• the level of water absorption - from 1 to 5%;
• strength - from 3 to 15 kPa;
• density - from 40 to 150 kg / m. cube;
• compressibility - from 4 to 26%;
• heat conductivity - from 0.033 to 0.007 W / m * C.
• the concentration of organic substances is from 2.5 to 4% by weight.

But what properties and characteristics, as well as the thermal conductivity of mineral wool, is described in this article.

Rockwool

Minwata Rockwool is a material that can be used for installation both inside and outside the house. If it is tedious to insulate the facade, then it is advisable to use Rockwool Butts, Lamella, Plaster Butts. As for the dimensions, Rockwool mineral wool has a width of 0.5 or 0.6 m, a length of 1 or 1.2 m, and a thickness of 2.5-18 cm.

In the photo - Rockwool mineral wool

The presented types of Rockwool insulation have significant differences regarding their technical characteristics. If we talk about Butts and Butts D, then this material has a high density.For the first, it is 130 kg / m3, and for the second, 94 kg / m3 and 180 kg / m3 (it has two layers with different densities).

Thanks to such indicators, it is possible to reduce the thermal energy conductivity coefficient. After installing these materials, you can finish with a thin layer of putty. But the Rockwool Lamella insulation, the density indicators differ slightly in comparison with the previous versions, they are 90 kg / m3.

Description and impact

Density is a value that is inversely proportional to the porosity of the insulation. Porous materials retain heat and create a kind of buffer. Therefore, a conclusion arises about how the density affects: the greater the specific gravity, the less thermal insulation properties the insulator has.

Illustrative example

For example, birch timber - 500-770 kg / m3, basalt fiber - 50-200 kg / m3. And the thermal conductivity of birch is 0.15 W with the same fiber index of 0.03-0.05 W. Thus, porous mineral insulation is almost 5 times more efficient in retaining heat than a denser wooden beam.

It is because of the specific gravity that even thick, reliable walls do not always provide good thermal protection. But a thin layer of insulation can fix this problem. In addition, a low specific gravity gives less stress on structures: cellular concrete with a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.1 W is not suitable for insulating thin walls, frame buildings, since its density is almost 400 kg / m3.

Density gives resistance to mechanical stress, so low specific gravity insulators need a protective layer. Such materials include penoizol, polystyrene and penoplex, as well as mineral wool.

What you need to know about the weight of the insulation?

To determine the weight of a mineral wool based insulation, you need to know about the components included in its composition at the manufacturing stage. It is they that make it possible to determine the density indicators per m3, and therefore the mass of the slab or roll for the installation of thermal insulation.

Mineral wool heaters differ depending on the composition. These can be basalt insulators, glass wool or slag wool with the addition of synthetic impurities. The final weight of the insulation will depend on the amount of impurities and their component.

On average, the density indicator varies from 35 to 100 kg per m3, while the weight of the boards for thermal insulation on average is close to 0.6 cm.

Different brands of rolls and plates for thermal insulation have their own weight, as a rule, most often - from 37 to 45 kg. During installation and further operation, the weight of mineral wool is not a critical value. The thickness and production technology of the material are responsible for the property of retaining heat and preventing the penetration of moisture.

Types and selection

In general, all insulators can be divided into the following groups:

• dense - high pressure mineral wool;
• medium - glass wool and expanded polystyrene;
• lungs - mineral wool;
• very light - foam boards.

Several factors need to be considered to determine the type of insulation.

For finishing in a residential building

So, for finishing walls and floors in a residential building, it is better to use basalt materials, which differ not only in optimal density, but also in environmental friendliness. For basalt fiber, it can be different: for walls with siding cladding, it is better to use a material with a unit of mass per unit volume of not less than 40 and not more than 90 kg / m3. This indicator should grow with the growth of the building: the more floors, the greater the rigidity.

Materials of 140-160 kg / m3 are suitable for working with plastered facades. Most often, special elements with high peel strength and vapor permeability are used. When insulation outside the house is not possible, the procedure is carried out from the inside - density also affects here, insulators with a low index are needed.In both cases, mineral or fiberglass is suitable.

For roof and floor finishing

Thus, roofing slabs should be of low specific gravity. But it depends on the type of roof:

• a pitched roof requires plates of 25-45 kg / m3;
• for the attic, materials with a pressure of at least 35 kg / m3 are needed;
• a flat roof needs insulators that can withstand good mechanical loads - snow and wind, so basalt wool with 150 kg / m3, expanded polystyrene with an indicator of more than 35 kg / m3 are suitable.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used for thermal insulation of the floor. If the insulation is carried out on logs, then mineral wool slabs can be used - the rigidity does not really matter, because the beams will take on the pressure. Slabs of 50 kg / m3 are installed in the interior walls.

Penoizol and polyethylene

Penoizol has one significant difference from previous insulators - it is applied in liquid form and has a low density of 10 kg / m3, while its high porosity gives it good insulating properties. Foamed polyethylene can be of different specific gravity - it depends on the availability of reinforcement and thickness:

• roll material is needed for floor insulation - 24 kg / m3;
• for frame structures and insulation of refrigeration units, engineering structures has reinforcement with aluminum sheets -50-60 kg / m3.

So, foam glass has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.1 W and is much stronger than other heaters. The density index reaches 400 kg / m3 and the material is very stable - it is suitable for external thermal insulation without requiring a protective layer. Cellular glass has a wide range of materials:

• external insulation - 200-400 kg / m3;
• vertical structures - 200 kg / m3;
• roofs and foundations - 300-400 kg / m3;
• for light and frame structures - 100-200 kg / m3.

Thermal conductivity is 0.04-0.06 W and is almost similar to mineral insulation.

Producers and types

However, thanks to the latest technologies, modern materials can have different densities, despite the fact that they are made from exactly the same raw materials.

Fiber raw materials

Basalt wool has an average of 50-200 kg / m3 - a wide range. The maximum value belongs to the options for floors and roofs.

Thus, TechnoNicol Galatel basalt slabs have a specific gravity of 195 kg / m3. Dahrok basalt wool from "Rockwool" in 190 kg / m3 - its purpose in insulation under roll roofing. Basalt fiber Knauf Insulation HTB with a low density of 35 kg / m3 is intended for frame structures and pre-fabricated buildings. Mineral wool TechnoNicol Rocklight in 30-40 kg / m3 is a variant of lightweight insulation, and the same Knauff company produces Knauff NTV in a density variation of 150 kg / m3.

Foam materials

The density of the foam is about 100-150 kg / m3 - the most dense slabs are needed for finishing the roof or floors. Manufacturers clearly distinguish foam boards according to the scope of application, when the specific weight changes accordingly. Extruded polystyrene foam at 28-35 kg / m3 is one of the lightest materials and the most heat-insulating.

For example, TechnoNicol Carbon Sand with an indicator of 28 kg / m3 is used for sandwich panels, and TechnoNicol Carbon Prof with an indicator of 30-35 kg / m3 is applicable for insulating walls and loaded structures. Slabs from the same manufacturer with a density of 50-60 kg / m3 are used for road construction. Penoplex Wall has a differentiated density: 25 kg / m3 - for insulation of vertical structures, 47 kg / m3 - for road construction.

One of the parameters that people pay attention to when choosing a heater is density. What does this or that indicator mean and what characteristics of the heat-insulating material are affected by its density - this and much more will be discussed below.

Types of mineral wool

Mineral wool is understood as a fibrous thermal insulation material obtained by melting rock, slag or glass, and subject to splitting into small fractions (fibers).

If we turn to the current GOST 31913-2011, the composition of mineral wool determines 3 main types that differ in the composition of the mineral wool:

1. Glass - obtained from a silicon melt or waste from the glass industry (cullet).
2. Stone - obtained from the melt of rock formed as a result of a volcanic eruption (mainly basalt).
3. Slag - is obtained from the melt of blast furnace waste - slag.

Speaking of mineral wool, glass is most often meant. In 2011, the market share of glass wool was 32%. Interestingly, everyone's favorite polystyrene occupied 28% of the total production and sales market.

The video shows the glass wool manufacturing process:

Now let's look at the basic properties of mineral wool, comparing each type described above. More detailed technical characteristics of mineral wool can be found on the manufacturer's website.

Features of the

The density of a material means the weight of a given substance, in one cubic meter of material. The unit of measurement is kg / m3 (kilogram per cubic meter). Another name for the density parameter is the specific gravity of the material.

The density indicators are due to the quality of the bond between the molecules of the material. The stronger the elements of the insulation are connected, the higher its strength.

The easiest way to understand what density is by considering mineral wool insulation. It can be loose and perceptibly soft, disassembling into fibers (a material with a low density, the molecules of which have weak bonds). You experience completely different sensations when touching mineral wool mats - their fibers are tougher, but most importantly, they seem to be pressed together (higher density of insulation).

Classification

Depending on what criterion is the basis for the classification, heaters are divided into different groups. Within the framework of this article, we are interested in density differentiation. In this case, the following types of thermal insulation materials are distinguished:

• Lungs.
  They are lightweight and have low thermal conductivity. This group primarily includes mineral wool materials.
• Average.
  An example of such a heater is foam glass. Such thermal insulation materials are usually produced in the form of slabs and blocks with high thermal and acoustic insulation values.
• Tough.
  This is a dense insulation, usually obtained by pressing, for example, mineral wool mats. In addition to low thermal conductivity, they are characterized by moisture resistance and the ability to withstand heavy loads.

Views

As already mentioned, all thermal insulation materials are divided into several types, depending on the specific gravity. The scope of its application depends on the latter.

This is clearly reflected in the table:

It is important that certain types of insulation have their own classification depending on the specific weight. For example, according to GOST, polystyrene is divided into grades PSB 15 (density is less than 15 kg / m3), PSB 25 (indicators 15-25 kg / m3), PSB 35 (specific gravity from 25 to 35 kg / m3) and PSB 50 ( 50 kg / m3 or more).

The hardness classification of mineral wool is as follows:

• P-75
  (material density, respectively, 75 kg / m3) suitable for lightly loaded and horizontal surfaces;
• P-125
  (the specific gravity of this wool is 125 kg / m3, but insulation with a density of 110, 120 and 130 kg / m3 belongs to the same type) wall insulation;
• PZh-175
  (density indicators are clear from the name) - high density material for outer skin;
• PZh-200
  (specific gravity is 200 kg / m3 and above) - used for outdoor work, has increased fire resistance.

It is worth noting that there are also less dense waddings than P-75. Their specific gravity is 60–70 kg / m3.

Classification of mineral wool by density

The market is filled with offers from domestic and foreign manufacturers. To systematize hundreds of titles, below is a list of materials produced in Russia that differ according to the criterion under consideration, as well as some recommendations for use.

Straw

Here, carbon reacts with oxygen to create carbon dioxide, which creates insulating bubbles. Straw is an agricultural by-product, dry stalks of cereal plants after grains and chaff have been removed. Straw accounts for about half of the harvest of cereals such as barle, oats, rice, rye and wheat.

Glass mineral wool

Made from molten glass, typically 20% to 30% recycled industrial waste and post-consumer content. The material is formed from glass fibers arranged using a binder into a wool-like texture. This process traps many small openings between the glass and these small air pockets result in high thermal insulation properties. The density of the material can vary depending on pressure and binder content.

The density of the insulation of this brand is 75 kg / m3. A low indicator allows the use of cotton wool only in lightly loaded surfaces, including horizontal ones (attic floors, pitched roofs). The material is more popular in the oil and energy industry - it is wrapped around heating plant pipes, as well as the joints of gas and oil pipelines.

Rock mineral wool

More advanced manufacturing techniques are based on spinning molten rock in high-speed rotating heads, similar to the process used to make felt yarn. The final product is a mass of fine interlaced fibers with a typical diameter of 2 to 6 microns. Mineral wool may contain a binder, often Ter-polymer and oil to reduce dust.

Phenolic foam

The product is obtained from two liquid components, isocyanate and resin, and is yellowish in color. Phenolic foam insulation is made from resole resin in the presence of an acid catalyst, blowing agents and surfactants. Polyurethane is a polymer composed of organic compounds linked by carbamate units. Polyurethane can be made from different densities and hardness by altering isocyanate, polyol, or additives. Its chemistry is similar to polyurethane, except that the proportion of methylene diphenyldiisocyanate is higher and the polyether-derived polyol is used in the reaction instead of the polyether polyol.

There are insulation materials of lower density (15, 25, 40 kg / m3), but they are practically not used, because they lose their shape and properties even with minimal load.

The density of this mineral wool is 125 kg / m3. The material is good for cladding ceilings, floors, walls, partitions, frame structures in a temperate climate zone. In addition to decent thermal insulation properties, it perfectly suppresses extraneous noise.

Expanded polystyrene

Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from styrene monomer. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. Expanded polystyrene is a rigid and rigid closed cell foam.It is usually white and made from pre-expanded polystyrene beads. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics, with a production scale of several billion kilograms per year. Styrofoam is made using blowing agents that bubble and expand the foam.

PZh-175

Material of increased rigidity (this is reflected in the name). It is used for cladding walls or ceilings made of metal, reinforced concrete, concrete, brick.

PZh-200

It also has an increased density (200 kg / m3), stiffness and is used in the same situations as the previous one. There is one advantage over the previously named one - PZh-200 serves as additional protection against fire.

Types and selection

In expanded polystyrene, these are usually hydrocarbons such as pentane. Although this is a closed cell foam, both expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene are not completely waterproof or vapor tight. The discarded polystyrene does not undergo biodegradation for hundreds of years and is resistant to photolysis.

Extruded polystyrene

The result is a solid with extremely low density and low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include frozen smoke and solid air, or blue smoke due to its transparent nature and the way light diffuses into the material. It feels like brittle expanded polystyrene to the touch. Aerogels can be made from a variety of chemical compounds. Aerogels are good thermal insulators because they nearly negate two of the three heat transfer methods. They are good conductive insulators because they consist almost entirely of gas, and gases are very poor heat conductors.

Mineral wool slabs with a density of 75 to 200 kg / m3, described above, are quite enough for warming any premises of a private or apartment building. However, on the market you can find unfamiliar markings of products made abroad.

Classification of mineral wool produced in other countries:

• VL, TL (suitable for structures with a maximum load of 8 and 12 kN / m2, respectively);
• EL, ELD, ELUS (good for insulation of concrete elements, maximum permissible load - 5 kN / m2);
• IM, IMP (roof, floor structures, foundation);
• AKL, KKL (materials of increased rigidity used for thermal insulation of a pitched roof);
• TKL (flat roof insulation);
• VIL (resembles AKL and KKL, but has cut corners; used if the roof needs to be tilted);
• TSL, VUL, IRL (thin slabs, used for wind protection of lightweight structures - wall or rafter);
• ILP (pressed between elements of concrete, brick, metal structures);
• A, IL (classic mineral wool boards used for wall insulation; recommended for areas where space for the material is limited).

Comparison of parameters

Different types of insulation have different average density values.

• Mineral wool heaters
  have a density of 30 to 200 kg / m3, which ensures their versatility - you can choose the material for any part of the house.
• Maximum density of polyethylene foam
  is 25 kg / m3, while the material is quite thin - 8-10 mm. An increase in density to 55 kg / m3 is achieved through the use of a foil layer on one side. Interestingly, its appearance only slightly increases the density of the product, significantly increasing the heat efficiency of the material. This is ensured by the ability of the foil coating to reflect up to 97% of thermal energy.

• Popular material for insulation Styrofoam
  has a specific gravity of 80-160 kg / m3, and extruded polystyrene foam - 28 to 35 kg / m3. It is no coincidence that the latter is one of the lightest materials for thermal insulation, which, moreover, has a low thermal conductivity.
• Due to the peculiarities of the composition and application technology (it is sprayed with a semi-liquid mass on the surface, after which it solidifies), penoizol
  also has a low density - 10 kg / m3. However, like most similar materials, it requires additional protection at least - a layer of plaster.
• A wide range of specific gravity indicators is characteristic of for foam glass
  - foamed or honeycomb glass. Interestingly, the standard figures are 200–400 kg / m3, while the light version has a density of 100–200 kg / m3. In combination with high thermal efficiency, because the thermal conductivity coefficient is equal to those of mineral wool, the material allows using a lightweight version for insulating facade structures, that is, having less weight and cost.

Influence on properties

Most of the characteristics of the insulation are interrelated. So, the density index affects the thermal conductivity.

As you know, air is the best heat insulator. A large number of air bubbles are located between chaotically directed fibers of mineral wool insulation, for example, stone wool. However, if the specific gravity of the material is increased (in fact, the fibers are compressed more strongly), then the volume of air bubbles will decrease, which will lead to an increase in thermal conductivity.

However, the relationship between density and thermal conductivity is due to the structure of the material. For example, when the density of expanded polystyrene changes, the volume of air contained in its capsules remains unchanged. This means that the thermal conductivity does not change in any way when the density of the insulation changes.

But the change in specific gravity always affects sound insulation. This is due to the fact that with a decrease in the air permeability of the heat insulator, its noise-absorbing indicators increase.

In other words, the denser the material, the better sound insulation it is characterized

... However, as the density increases, so does the weight and thickness of the material. It becomes inconvenient to work with him.

The way out of this situation will be the use of special heat-insulating panels with improved sound insulation properties. It can be lightweight glass wool or basalt insulation with twisted thin and long fibers. In this case, the density of the material may not exceed 50 kg / m3.

The connection between the considered parameter and the thickness of the insulation is undoubted. The higher its density, the thinner the layer is required to achieve the required thermal effect.

Strength indicators are also related to the material's ability to withstand heavy loads, and the relationship here is directly proportional. In this regard, more dense materials should be used in the loaded areas. This is the only way to avoid deformation of the insulation.

Finally, the method of installation depends on the specific gravity of the insulation. So, between the lags and the elements of the crate, lightweight heat insulators of low density can be used. If the same option is mounted on walls, it will simply slide, so the choice is made in favor of more durable mats and sheets.

In addition, dense insulation does not need additional mechanical protection; they are strong enough to withstand mechanical stress. And looser materials - polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool - always need additional protection.

How to choose and where to apply?

The density of the material should be chosen first of all, taking into account the scope of its application. When it comes to wall cladding, the type of cladding material should also be considered.

So, for facades faced with siding, you can use lightweight insulation (40–90 kg / m3). If plastering is planned, the specific weight of the insulation should be increased to 140–160 kg / m3.

For pitched roofs, insulation with a density of up to 45 kg / m3 is sufficient, while a flat roof, subject to increased loads, requires a more "serious" heat insulator.For mineral wool insulation, this indicator will be at least 150 kg / m3, for expanded polystyrene - at least 40 kg / m3. Under the subfloor, you need the most dense insulation, at least 180 kg / m3, and between the logs, you can also lay light, loose insulation, since they take all the load on themselves.

When choosing insulation, depending on its density, you should consider such criteria as:

• types of work (external or internal insulation);
• material installation method;
• the load to which the insulation is subjected;
• average temperature indicators in the winter season;
• the need for sound insulation.

When choosing a heater, it is important to rely not only on its technical indicators, but also on the authority and fame of the manufacturer. Preference should be given to long-lived companies whose products have been on the construction market for a long time and receive positive customer reviews.

The products of some companies have a small selection of materials, depending on the density.

So, in the rulers
Ursa
Insulation is practically not found, the density of which is higher than 35 kg / m3.

Most well-known brands (Isover, Rockwool

) produce both light and rigid insulation - a special type for each type of work, including under a loaded ventilation facade.

Paying attention to specific products, it is worth carefully studying the instructions for the material, paying attention not only to the density indicators, but also to the scope of application. So, in the Isover line there are medium density slabs (50-80 kg m3), which, however, are suitable for insulating facade systems.

Of interest are also slabs that combine 2 textures - their outer side is denser, hard, and the inner side is loose, soft. The use of such materials provides high-quality thermal insulation, reduces the load on the building, and also applies plaster directly over the insulation.

The density of mineral wool insulation largely determines its intended purpose and is one of its main performance characteristics. Its value is influenced by the thickness and number of fibers in the structure (the percentage of impurities is usually not taken into account), as a result, the higher it is, the more expensive the building material is. Insulation is produced in the form of soft mats and hard plates with a density of 11 to 400 kg / m3, the choice of a particular brand depends on the degree of load of structures and the construction budget.

For any insulation, the rule is relevant: the lighter it is, the better, but this cannot be said unequivocally about mineral wool. Its low thermal conductivity is really due to the presence of air between the threads, but when it reaches a certain minimum, it ceases to retain heat. In practice, the density of mineral and basalt wool affects its weight and cost, and is also directly or indirectly related to other characteristics: thermal conductivity, sound absorption, load-bearing capacity and ease of installation.

1. Thermal insulation.

This insulation uses the properties of weightless air with a thermal conductivity coefficient of no more than 0.026 W / m · K. Thanks to the combination of fibers with different orientations, manufacturers managed to achieve a similar value of 0.036 for light and soft boards, 0.032 for semi-rigid and 0.04-0.046 for dense and cylindrical products (which is more than good for non-combustible insulation). But when a certain mass is reached, the fibers cease to retain air and thermal conductivity deteriorates. The worst protection is observed in a loose insulation with a density of up to 30 kg / m3 with a disordered direction of fibers - 0.05 W / mK.

2. Sound absorption.

Materials with low air permeability are good acoustic insulators. Therefore, dense and rigid slabs absorb sound anyway (even if this is not their main purpose). But they weigh a lot and are not always suitable for internal soundproofing of premises, for this purpose it is better to buy specialized brands: glass wool with long and thinnest threads or basalt with randomly twisted fibers. Rockwull, Isover and other brands have such series, their insulation density is in the range of 45-60 kg / m3.

3. Bearing capacity.

Regardless of the design, overly light materials are not used for installation in areas subject to high loads. This is due to the risk of deformation or crushing, low compressive and flexural strength.In such cases, high-density heaters are definitely required (at least 150 kg / m3). In the presence of supporting structures (frame, lags, reliable lathing), the use of light grades is allowed and encouraged, insulating capabilities come to the fore.

4. The nuances of styling.

There is a clear relationship between density and material handling. Lightweight soft insulation can be easily placed in the interlag space of roofing systems (unused surfaces) when laid from above, but their installation from the side of the ceiling is more than a complicated process. It is a little easier with vertical placement of roll stamps, but because of the risk of fibers slipping down, it is better to purchase compacted insulation for the walls. The most convenient option is considered to be semi-rigid slabs with slightly springy edges (up to 60 kg / m3) or high-density mineral wool.

Rockwool thermal insulation in slabs

Thermal insulation in slabs.

Thermal insulation in slabs is used for various types of work. Depending on the scope of application, the technical characteristics of the material also differ. The Rockwool manufacturer provides a wide assortment range so that you can choose the necessary Rockwool thermal insulation, the characteristics of which are optimal for each individual case. Moreover, each of the heaters is quite versatile. Plates are used for thermal insulation:

• walls;
• roofs and horizontal slabs.
• saunas;

There are also materials with improved soundproofing qualities.

Often, replacing a heated towel rail in a bathroom is not required because of its malfunction, but in order to replace the towel with a more powerful heat exchanger.

What to do if the heated towel rail stops heating? Answers here.

Rockwool for walls

Thermal insulation for walls is laid on the front side, in the inter-wall space and on the inside. For the facade, thermal insulation brands Rockwool Butts (+ D or + Optima), Lamella, Plaster Butts are used. Also read: “Some Recommendations for Facade Thermal Insulation System”.

Rockwool insulation, wall ruler dimensions:

• width 0.5 m or 0.6 m;
• length 1 m or 1.2 m;
• thickness from 2.5 cm to 18 cm.

There is a slight difference between these Rockwool insulation. Technical characteristics Butts and Butts D differ in the density of the material. The first has a uniform density of 130 kg / m3. cube, and the second consists of two layers (94 kg / cubic meter and 180 kg / cubic meter), which allows you to lower its thermal conductivity coefficient. Both materials can be applied with a thin layer of putty. For Rockwool Lamella insulation, the density specifications are somewhat different from the two previous materials and amount to 90 kg / m. cub.

Thanks to this mineral wool Lamella is more elastic, it can be used on uneven surfaces. Application of a thin layer of plaster or finishing with clinker tiles is allowed. Venti Butts is used for ventilated facades, the installation of which is allowed without the use of wind protection. There are only four varieties of this line. The Plaster Butts range is used for facades that are plastered over metal mesh reinforcement.

The types of insulation that fit into the inter-wall space depend on the material of the walls - concrete or small-piece materials, for example, brick.

For concrete, the Concrete Element Butts is used, it is suitable for both monolithic structures and panels. For brick walls, Caviti Butts is used. The density of Rockwool insulation for concrete walls is 90 kg / m. cube, and for brick only 45 kg / m. cub.

Rockwool for roofing

Thermal insulation in slabs, laminated with foil.

For the roof, two-layer and single-layer materials are used, the installation of which is carried out with and without vapor barrier films. In addition, there is thermal insulation on which a screed can be poured with a maximum load of 3 kPa. Insulation is also available, which is used in metal sandwich panels for roof installation.

Characteristics of Rockwool insulation for roofs, consisting of two layers:

• marking - Ruf Butts D (Extra, Optima, Standard);
• density of layers - Extra 130/235 kg / m. cube, Optima 120/205 kg / m. cube, Standard 110/180 kg / m. cube;
• thermal conductivity is the same for all and is 0, 037 W / m * C.

The lower the density, the lower the weight of the Rockwool insulation. Single-layer materials are marked with Ruf Butts N (Optima 100 kg / m3 and Extra 115 kg / m3) and Ruf Butts V (Optima 160 kg / m3 and Extra 190 kg / m3). The thermal conductivity of a material with a higher density is slightly higher - 0.04 W / m * C versus 0.036 W / m * C. A single-layer material Ruf Butts Screed with a density of 135 kg / m is used under the screed layer. cub. For the manufacture of sandwich panels, mineral wool Sandwich Butts K (140; 155 kg / m3, 0.045 W / m * C) and Sandwich Butts C (115 kg / m3, 0.042 W / m * C) are used.

Sauna Rockwool

Thermal insulation in rolls with foil (can be without foil).

For saunas and baths, Rockwool Sauna Butts mineral wool is used, which is glued with foil on one side. Foil beats off up to 95% of IR radiation and performs the function of water protection. The width of Rockwool insulation for saunas is 0.6 m, and the length is 1 m, the density of the material is 45 kg / m. cube, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.036 W / m * C. Also for steam rooms, Fire Batts can be used, the main purpose of which is heat insulation of fireplaces. The material can be with or without foil, withstands high temperatures, density 100 kg / m. cube, thermal conductivity 0.041 W / m * C. If used for its intended purpose, then you need to adhere to the installation rules. In the fireplace, the cotton wool should be placed no closer than 4 cm to the firebox body, and the shiny side should look inward.

Soundproofing Rockwool

The Rockwool line with increased soundproofing characteristics is presented in four positions, which differ in their density:

• Acoustic Butts - 45 kg / m cube;
• Acoustic Butts PRO - 60 kg / m. cube;
• Floor Butts - 125 kg / m cube;
• Floor Butts I - 150 kg / m cub.

Before installing a heated towel rail in the bathroom, calculate its required power, otherwise it will be fresh after taking a shower.

You can read about how the heated towel rail in the bathroom works here.

Technical insulation Rockwool

The materials are used to insulate equipment, heating and water supply pipes, air ducts, industrial furnaces, and various tanks. It is used everywhere except for the food industry. Marked as Tech Butts, presented in five positions with a density from 40 to 140 kg / m. cub. For communications, in addition to mats, winding cylinders are used. Let us dwell separately on the insulation of ventilation pipes. Work is mainly carried out from the outside, but there are precedents when internal insulation is necessary. For this, Rockwool Industrial Batts 80 with a density of 80 kg / m is used. cub.

Optimum performance for different designs

• Up to 35 kg / m3 - pitched roofs, vertical and inclined unloaded surfaces. Insulation of objects of complex shapes.
• Up to 75 - thermal insulation of internal surfaces in residential and industrial premises: ceilings, partitions, floors, ceilings.
• 100-125 - insulation for the facade (ventilated or with subsequent plastering).
• Up to 150 - reinforced concrete floors.
• From 150 and above - supporting structures.
• From 175 - insulation for metal walls.
• 175-225 - for laying under a screed or used as a top bearing layer, this mineral wool can withstand high loads.

There are exceptions, they belong to specialized brands. For example, Isover has medium density slabs (50-80 kg / m3) suitable for installation in façade systems. Good reviews have grades with uneven rigidity, designed specifically for external work. They are softer on one side (facing the walls or the surface to be insulated) and sealed on the outside. This design provides reliable protection of the facade from the wind and allows you to apply plaster directly to the slabs. The specific gravity is important when choosing a heater for the roof, in this case, preference is given to light and resilient grades from 11 to 35 kg / m3.

Overview of manufacturers and prices

The assortment is represented by such brands as Rockwool, Ursa, Technonikol, Izover, Izorok, Knauf, Paroc. The average cost of 1 m2 with a thickness of 50 mm is 90 rubles.Some firms produce extremely low-density products (Ursa, Knauf), others specialize in the manufacture of universal brands. Basalt wool, optimal in terms of rigidity and weight, is offered by Paroc and Rockwool.

There is a wide range of heat-insulating materials on the market, which differ from each other in raw materials for production, production method and purpose. The method of carrying out the work determines such an indicator as the density of the insulation.

The density of the insulation is a value that determines the mass of one cubic meter of material. This indicator is different for different thermal insulation materials.

This parameter of the insulation is determined by the purpose of the insulation.

How much do Rockwool slabs weigh?

The weight of mineral wool of the Rockwool insulation manufacturer, popular in our country, depends on the density of the heat-insulating material that the buyer chooses to perform a certain type of work:

1. Weight Rockwool Acoustic Butts, density 45 kg / cu. meter, dimensions 1000 x 600 x 50mm is no more than 1.35 kg.
2. Weight Rockwool Acoustic Butts, density 37 kg / cu. meter, dimensions 1000 x 600 x 50mm is no more than 1.1 kg.
3. The weight of Rockwool Light Butts Scandic mineral wool, with a density of 37 kg / cubic meter, dimensions 1000 x 600 x 50mm, is no more than 0.75 kg.

The mass of mineral wool can be radically different when using combined types of insulation - Rockwool Fire Butts foil plate, with a density of 110 kg / cu. meter, dimensions 1000 x 600 x 30mm weighs within 2 kilograms. The weight also depends on the thickness of the insulation used - Rockwool Light Butts Scandic, with a density of 37 kg / cu. meter, measuring 1000 x 600 x 100mm weighs about one and a half kilograms.

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Density and its effect on material properties

Since the thermal insulation material has different densities, there are several types of it:

• especially lightweight;
• easy;
• middle;
• dense (hard).

Density affects such indicators:

• thermal conductivity;
• noise absorption;
• bearing capacity;
• installation method.

In any heat-insulating material, air is the main heat-insulating component. It can be in a natural or discharged state.The better it is isolated from the environment and the more it is contained in the insulation, the higher the thermal conductivity of the material.

The lower the breathability of the insulation, the better it absorbs noise. Thermal insulation material, which has an increased density, will better absorb sound even if this is not its main purpose. But since in some heaters the density indicator reaches 150 kg / m³, there is a large load on the floor structure. Therefore, it is better to purchase specialized sound-absorbing material.

Insulation that is too light cannot be used in areas that will be exposed to high loads. At low strength characteristics, the material will deform. Therefore, it is necessary to use thermal insulation with a density of at least 150 kg / m³.

It is more convenient to work with a lighter, i.e. less dense insulation. However, the choice of density depends on the location of the material. For laying it between the roof logs, light and soft thermal insulation is suitable, and for the walls it is advisable to choose a denser one in order to avoid its slipping.

Effect of Density on Heat Conductivity

As a rule, the consumer often pays attention to the performance characteristics of the insulation, rather than physical properties such as density. And you should definitely take it into account, since it carries important information.

Any heat-insulating material contains air either in a rarefied state or in a normal state. There is a dependence: the less vapors there is inside the insulation and the worse it is isolated from interaction with the outside air, the higher the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient will be. And the larger the latter, the worse the material retains heat.

Wool

Wool insulation is made from lambswool fibers that are either mechanically held together or glued using 5% to 15% recycled polyester glue to form insulating rolls and rolls. Sheep are no longer raised primarily for their wool; however, they must be trimmed annually to protect the health of the animal. The wool used to make insulation is wool that has been discarded as waste from other industries because of its color or quality.

Hemp

Hemp fibers are made from the hemp straw of a hemp plant. Most cannabis is imported, but home-grown crops are growing. Since plants shade the soil, no chemical protection or toxic additives are required to cultivate cannabis. The product is typically 85% hemp fiber with a balloon of polyester binder and 3-5% soda added for fire retardancy.

Intertwined fibers are the basis of the structure of all mineral wool insulation. The higher the density of these elements, the less air is present inside and the higher the thermal conductivity.

Therefore, it is necessary to select mineral wool based on the purpose of insulation - for rooms where reliable insulation from the cold is required (living rooms, partitions between floors, floor), materials are more suitable, and for areas of the house where heat preservation is not so important (non-residential attics , caisson) - lighter slabs or rolls of mineral wool.

Kostrobeton

It does not have the brittleness of concrete and therefore does not need expansion joints.

Honeycomb glass

The choice of insulation density

Before deciding which insulation density to choose, it is necessary to determine where it will be installed. If wall insulation is planned, the type of cladding plays an important role. It determines the type and density of the heat insulator. So, for a residential building, it is recommended to use basalt wool, which has low thermal conductivity, high fire resistance and environmental friendliness.

For cladding with siding, a basalt heat insulator with indicators of 40-90 kg / m³ is suitable.The higher the thermal insulation is, the higher the indicator should be. If the surface will be plastered, then you need to choose a special thermal insulation for facade work. The density should be 140-160 kg / m³. In these works, special elements are used that have high vapor permeability and peel strength. For interior work, a low-density heat-insulating material is used.

For roofing work, the choice of insulation depends on the type of roof. If the roof is pitched, choose a heater with indicators of 30-45 kg / m³. For insulation of the attic, the indicator should be at least 35-40 kg / m³. A flat roof must withstand heavy loads from snow, wind and other atmospheric phenomena. Therefore, in this case, thermal insulation with a density of 150 kg / m³ should be used if mineral wool is used. For expanded polystyrene, this figure should be no more than 40 kg / m³.

To insulate the floor from the cold, you should choose a material whose mass pressure per unit volume is high enough. However, if you plan to lay the material between the logs, you can use loose insulation. The logs take on the entire load, and the thermal insulation is not tasked with withstanding the pressure exerted.

In the interior partitions, the heat-insulating material also performs a sound-insulating function. Since these partitions are not designed for low temperatures, medium density insulation can be used. It is desirable that it be presented in the form of slabs.

Buyers' opinion

Here are some reviews from people who have used mineral wool in the construction of their homes.

I needed to insulate the country house. Long chose between mineral wool and foam. Friends helped - after giving many arguments in favor of the first, I decided to insulate the facade with basalt wool for further plastering. Of the advantages, I want to note the high vapor permeability and incombustibility. The house is practically not heated in winter, so it is important that the walls breathe and that the fungus does not develop. Well, in the heat, in the summer, I am a little more calm than the neighbors, if the dead wood suddenly catches fire. There are also disadvantages. Alkaline plasters are not compatible with this type of insulation. It is also possible to damage the plate relatively easily during installation. Overall, I am happy with my choice!

There is a discount for this item now.

Lightweight hydrophobized mineral wool slabs based on basalt rocks. Designed for use as an unloaded heat-insulating layer in partitions, interfloor ceilings, walls of low-rise buildings, including vertical and inclined walls in attics, as well as as the first (inner) layer in curtain wall systems with an air gap with two-layer insulation. Plates should not be subjected to significant loads.

Structure: rocks of the basalt group, binding and hydrophobic components.

Amount in a package: 12 slabs.

Packing volume: 0.288 m³.

Quantity on a pallet: 18 or 24 packs.

Manufacturer: Russia.

Gross weight: 10.66 kg

Output

The choice of thermal insulation is an important construction step. To choose the right material, you need to consider the following factors:

• type of work (internal or external);
• method of installation of insulation (horizontal or vertical);
• the load on the thermal insulation material;
• whether it is used for soundproofing;
• average temperature during the cold season, etc.

It is important to take into account not only the mass pressure per unit volume, but also the structure of the insulation, the peculiarities of its manufacture and use. An important role is also played by how the thermal insulation material wears out over time. Mineral wool, for example, tends to absorb moisture, resulting in a gradual increase in thermal conductivity. It also crumbles and crumbles, which makes it thinner at the top.

The insulated room also affects the choice of material. So, for outbuildings, it is not enough to choose a heat-insulating material with a high density. It is necessary to install one that will not be destroyed by small rodents and insects.

As you can see, the density indicator is an important criterion when choosing a heater, but not decisive.