Stop valves, where they are installed, their types, features of use

Convenient location and installation of sockets in the apartment

Before starting the placement of electrical equipment, it is worthwhile to determine not only a convenient place, but also to think about the norms for installing outlets in an apartment. There are accepted standards that reflect the basic rules for installing outlets in an apartment. These codes provide general information about the placement of the equipment and also describe where the installation of outlets is prohibited.

The installation standards for sockets provide not only general information about the placement of connectors, but also describe the places where their installation is prohibited.

Many are guided by a certain height value during installation. The main norms today are "Soviet standard" and "European standard".

"Soviet Standard". This standard has been familiar to people since the times of the USSR. Many people still use it to install outlets and switches in their homes. According to these recommendations, the switches are mounted at shoulder level. The distance is 160 cm from the floor. The power connectors are located at a distance of 90 cm from the floor, approximately at the level of a person's waist.

"Eurostandard". This concept appeared simultaneously with the concept of "renovation", when the popularity of new materials for decoration and more advanced technologies attracted the attention of consumers. People began to think more about how to make the premises as comfortable and functional as possible. All this led to the formation of a new standard for height, where it was clearly defined at what distance from the floor the sockets and switches were installed. This distance was 30 cm for sockets and 90 cm for switches.

Installing

The working project and instructions for the implementation of installation work are the basic documents that guide the installation of the valve.

Methods for fixing the gate valve into the pipeline system

Depending on where the valves are used, the method of their fastening is also selected. This could be:

1. Threaded mount. It is most often used in domestic piping systems.
2. Flange connection (using connecting flanges). It is used for installation of valves at industrial facilities and highways.
3. Welded connection.

Special rules for installing sockets in the kitchen

The kitchen is one of the main areas in the house. It is worth seriously thinking about where to install the sockets in the kitchen, because there are always a lot of household appliances here. It is necessary to start the design by placing all electrical appliances in order to understand how to install the sockets in the kitchen.

The most functional are socket modules.

Important! If the kitchen does not have enough outlets in the right places, it is worth bringing them to the side surface of the lower kitchen cabinet. So, it will be easier to hide the nest with the additional hinged hinged section.

On all kinds of repair forums, you can find a lot of questions about where to install the sockets in the kitchen. The most popular ones are:

Where to install the oven socket? For built-in models in the kitchen, the place behind the wall of the adjacent cabinet will be the ideal way to arrange the outlets. Placing power plugs behind electrical appliances is prohibited for safety reasons.

Where to install the socket for the refrigerator? For the refrigeration device, the same recommendations are provided as for built-in appliances. With only one difference, the owner can select the height of the outlet from the floor on his own.

Having presented the placement of all electrical appliances in the kitchen, you can understand where to install the sockets

What is the height of the sockets in the kitchen? Focusing on the standards of kitchen appliances and furniture, the following layout option appeared:

• the first mark is 10 - 15 cm from the floor. At this distance, it is convenient to install sockets for the stove, refrigerator, dishwasher, etc. This placement is optimal, since it will be easy to get close to the sockets from below.
• the second mark is 110 - 130 cm from the floor. It is convenient to install power connectors here for electrical appliances located in the working area. You can also focus on the value of the height of the sockets from the kitchen countertop, which is 30 cm, in order to comfortably arrange small household appliances.
• the third mark is 200 - 250 cm from the floor. This is the height of the outlet for the hood in the kitchen.

Can double sockets be used to connect electrical appliances? Yes, but it is worth remembering that it is not permissible to connect the hob and oven using such an outlet. The voltage will be high and may affect the performance of appliances and the power connector.

The recommended height of the rosettes from the table top is 30 cm

What sockets are installed in the kitchen? For this room, the following types are relevant:

• single;
• double;
• socket group or module;
• retractable;
• electrical boxes.

The most functional are socket modules. It may include: "signal" sockets (telephone, television, Internet); timer; a special disconnecting device that turns it off when it touches a phase contact, etc.

The most dangerous, but at the same time popular, is a retractable outlet. Many people install it solely because of the aesthetics of the look; it is "recessed" into the kitchen set. But this kind of power connector is far from safe.

Speaking of boxes, it is worth noting that the requirements for cable management are quite stringent. During installation, you must carefully follow the conventions.

Due to the aesthetic appearance, the "retractable" socket is very popular.

Installation height

The stabilizer generates heat during its operation. Many models even have built-in cooling fans.

The more connected power, the more it heats up. It is for cooling, and not as a design, that through cooling fins are made on the walls of the stabilizers. Hence the conclusion - you cannot place the stabilizer close to the wall.

The minimum distance from the wall to the rear wall of the stabilizer body is 5-10 cm. This does not apply to models with a special wall mount. In which the main radiator cooling grilles are removed from other sides.

The rest of the walls of the case should be removed to an even greater distance - 20-30cm.

When placed under a ceiling, always consider the moment of the input power, namely, where the lead-in cable comes from. Do not assume that once you mount the gimbal, you will no longer worry about its performance. Leave enough space for free access to all contacts for periodic revision.

In addition, many models have automatic transfer-bypass switching devices in the upper part. You will still have to periodically resort to this mode, and by placing the stabilizer close to the ceiling, it will be extremely inconvenient to do this without dismantling it.

Another negative aspect of placing the stabilizer under the ceiling is that all the warm air in the room rises there. And if it is a hot summer and a room without air conditioning, then overheating of the windings at full load will be ensured.

There may well be a temperature of 50 degrees. Most stabilizers are rated for normal operation at + 40C.

If you decide to install a voltage stabilizer in the boiler room, remember that this is primarily a room where a burst of the heating pipe or a valve leak can occur. And the stabilizer is an electrical device. Therefore, in such rooms, in no case should it be placed on the floor. Only at a certain height. Better that it was a wall option.

Therefore, the ideal installation height of the stabilizer is 1.5m - 1.7m from the floor and 25cm from adjacent cabinets, walls, etc. Thus, you will have free access to both controls, contacts, and a digital display with all displayed parameters (voltage, load).

The specifics of installing sockets in the bathroom to ensure safety

Can sockets be installed in the bathroom? The presence of a power connector in the bath room is essential for comfort. There are certain rules for this room, which clearly indicate where to install the sockets in the bathroom. Power connectors should be at least 60 cm away from the bathroom or shower cabin. The height of the sockets in the bathroom should be such as to ensure convenient connection of electrical appliances.

Useful advice! How to install an outlet in the bathroom, if at the initial stage it was not possible to provide a power connector for a hair dryer. Do not spoil a new renovation. The cable can be easily routed under the skirting board to the base unit to the sink. You can install the socket on a shelf or in a drawer in a drawer unit.

The bath is the wettest room in the house. Therefore, it is worth using the minimum number of outlets. In the combined bathroom, you can separately install power connectors for an electric shaver, hair dryer and similar devices. Quite often they are placed next to the sink, close to the mirror near the water. It is worth immediately determining which outlet to install in the bathroom, because it must be reliably protected from moisture. Here, a moisture-resistant model is suitable in a design that includes a protective cover.

The height of the sockets from the floor in the bathroom should be as comfortable as possible for a person. Therefore, when determining it, it is worth focusing on the individual needs of family members. In advance, you need to choose a place where to install the outlet for the washing machine. It depends on how convenient it will be to use it.

Since the bathroom is the wettest room in the house, it is necessary to install the minimum number of outlets here.

Different ways to install sockets in the living room and bedroom

For the hall or living room, there are 4 optimal solutions for placing the power connectors:

1. Next to the doorway. This place is convenient for connecting small electrical appliances. According to the norms, the outlet should be located 10 cm from the door and 30 cm from the floor.
2. TV zone. You can place the connector both behind the TV and near it on the wall.
3. Sofa area. Here it is necessary to take into account that you will need sockets for recharging phones, laptops, air conditioners and other home appliances.
4. Desktop area. Quite often, the living room is used as a study. In this case, it is worth providing additional sockets for desktop lighting, a computer or laptop.

In the bedroom, power connectors are also located in several zones, into which the room is conditionally divided. Primarily near the bed or bedside tables on both sides. This makes it easy to use electricity next to the sleeping place.

You need to install an outlet for the TV, if available in the room. For a desk, which may be in the bedroom, you will also need a connector. And do not forget about doorways, near which it is convenient to place sockets for various electrical appliances, for example, a vacuum cleaner.

Sockets near doorways are very convenient for connecting a vacuum cleaner

Where are shut-off valves usually installed?

1. At the entrance to the house of the heating main.
2. Near the entrance and exit of the elevator unit.
3. Close to all heating pipes.
4. At the place of installation of a bypass for a private house.
5. On various heating devices or jumpers facing them.
6. At the highest points of the heating circuit.

Gate valves on the elevator unit

In apartment buildings, as a rule, valves are mounted next to the elevator unit. Why do they do it?

The body of such a crane consists of two corrosion-resistant steel rings. They encircle the water passage. The second pair of rings is located directly on the movable part of the valve.

The damper, being in the lowest position, blocks the flow of water. As it rises, it passes the liquid, as it goes beyond its reach.

To close the valve, you need to turn the steering wheel, which is responsible for the movement of the stem, which has a screw thread. In order for the stem to be sealed, an oil seal is stuffed onto it. Such a device is the only one possible with a pipe diameter of 5 cm.

If the size is smaller, then cork or ball valves will be the best solution, since the valves have significant disadvantages:

The packing periodically comes into contact with water and breaks down. Even with an inoperative valve, the gland will have to be stuffed from time to time.

Deposits appear on the cheeks. The valve stops working after being inactive for several years.

In emergency situations, when the counting can go on for seconds, the handwheel of the valve will work slower than the plug valve.

The cost of a cast iron gate valve is higher than the price of a plug valve with the same permeability.

For all other devices, for example, metering valves, ejectors on mud collectors, hot water supply connections, it is also better to use cork devices.

What are plug valves?

Such a product is essentially a ball with a water channel. It is distinguished by a long service life, unpretentious care, practicality.

However, they also have a number of disadvantages:

The stuffing box often needs constant packing. Sometimes, to eliminate the resulting leak, you can open the valve completely by applying some force. This will compress the packing box with the stem threaded portion.

Valves with brass valves, after a certain period of time, begin to let water through due to deposits on the seat and valve.

This equipment should be installed along the water course. An arrow is specially depicted on the case, indicating the right direction. If the installation was made with an error, then the valve will surely come off, the water will be shut off.

Incomplete closing of the valve can create turbulence, leading to water hammer. Such pressure surges will gradually destroy the circuit.

However, for risers, the use of these devices will be optimal for a number of reasons:

1. If the device is installed correctly, contact of the stuffing box with water is excluded.
2. Water hammers will not be terrible, since the valve will be closed most of the time.
3. If the gasket needs to be replaced in winter, it will be possible to stop the riser without dropping the entire house.

Is it worth installing sockets in the hallway

Any apartment layout is not complete without a hallway. After all, it is into it that a person enters the house. In this room, it is also important to correctly position the outlets. Usually, two outlets are enough for a hallway. Apart from drying shoes and connecting a doorbell, they are unlikely to be useful for anything.

Each apartment is as individual as any person. Therefore, it is worth considering how to install sockets in an apartment, having sketched out the project of each room in advance. A separate plan for the location of the planned electrical appliances that will be in the house will help to calculate the required number of power connectors.

Useful advice! It is worth installing a few extra outlets to avoid the use of extension cords.

Where to install the sockets: rules and order of installation

It is quite common for many men to deal with the placement or repair of outlets in the house. It seems that in this work everything is simple, but in reality everything is different. A person thinks not only about what sockets to install in the apartment, but also about the safety rules and the procedure for installing devices.

Any work with electrical installations in the apartment must be carried out only with the power supply disconnected.

In order to properly install the power connectors, you should have basic knowledge. This will save you from further problems and will be the key to the long-term operation of the device.

General safety rules when installing an outlet

When installing switchgear, all safety rules must be observed. And also next to the master is always obliged, there is a person who monitors his actions and is ready to provide assistance in the event of an electric shock.

For self-installation of the outlet, it is worth remembering a number of rules:

1. All work with electrical installations in the apartment should be carried out with the power supply disconnected. This includes wall chasing and wiring.
2. During operation, it is worth remembering that even with the power off, voltage may appear on the driving parts. Therefore, it is so important to check each wire before connecting.
3. Sockets and switches are installed without touching bare wires.
4. It must be remembered that in the event of an electric shock, everything will depend on the reaction speed of the observing person.

Both sockets and switches must be installed without touching bare wires.

It is important not to forget about the accumulation of dirt in the device. Constant cleaning is very difficult, and for outlets located on the lower level, this issue is extremely relevant. Being below, they will get dirty constantly. Sockets with covers can be a budget way out of the situation. And for lovers of aesthetics, you can use recessed socket models.

Useful tips for installing an outlet in your home

1. Determine the exact placement of furniture.
2. Mark all the sockets on the electronics plan.
3. The correct location of switches and sockets depends on the direction of opening the door.
4. In places where the presence of furniture or household appliances is not determined, it is worth installing power connectors at a height of 30 cm from the floor.
5. It is worth placing 1–2 sockets more than necessary according to the calculation.

Important! If the area of ​​the room is quite large, then you need to take care of the sockets at the beginning of the room and in its far corner. This makes it much easier to vacuum clean without pulling on the wire.

The process of designing the location of the outlets is very complex. To create it, you will need to correctly arrange furniture and household appliances around the apartment. Consider the convenience of the location of the power connectors and calculate their required number. When installing, you should still use the services of a specialist who will do the job efficiently.

Choice of valves and installation method

Fig. 1 The pipeline is in operation.

There are indeed many places where valves are used: industrial pipelines, utilities, private water supply systems. The choice in their favor is determined by design features and advantages, and the method of installation is selected taking into account the type of valve, working drive, and dimensions of the pipeline. Siberian Pipeline Valve Plant does not limit the choice of the buyer, allowing him to make a decision that meets the current production objectives.

The valve device provides for the placement in the body of two internal seats and a shutter mechanism fixed on a spindle connected, in turn, with a running nut.The use of an actuator (mechanical or automatic type) causes the shutter to move, which can take two operating positions: open or close the flow. In an intermediate position, for the purpose of regulation, the shut-off valves are not operated.

The main difference between the gate valve and alternative devices is the low hydraulic resistance. Due to this, it is possible to reduce energy losses arising during the transportation of liquid and gaseous media. That is why they are leaders in the installation of trunk systems and pipelines.