Water heating with pump circulation: features, types, advantages

Have you decided to make a private house your permanent residence? Or maybe the summer season lasts in your family all year round and winter weekends outside the city are a common thing for you? Then the question of heating your nest is extremely relevant. Today, perhaps the most popular among all heating systems for private houses is water heating. The principle of its operation is quite simple and straightforward: heat is generated in a special boiler and already from it through a closed circuit, hot water is supplied through pipes to heating devices.

But this is a general principle. Depending on the heating method (gas, electricity, etc.), the circulation method, the heating systems used, as well as other characteristics, water heating is divided into many types. It is this topic that we will cover in detail in our article.

All water heating systems at home can be divided into two groups: using natural or forced circulation of water.

Natural circulation heating

An example of a one-pipe system with natural circulation

Systems with natural circulation, or as they are also called gravity, have been used for a long time. From the name itself, we understand that they work without the help of special devices (pumps), and their work occurs due to natural physical laws.

We all probably remember from school physics lessons that a heated liquid or gas always moves upward. This is the principle behind such heating. Heating up in the boiler, the water begins its movement up the pipes. Having reached the farthest heater, it begins to descend back to the boiler, where it heats up again and circulates upward. When installing a self-circulation system, a slope is necessarily created in the water return section. And at the supply of the coolant, at the highest point of the system, it is required to install an expansion tank, which will act as a buffer that compensates for the increase in the volume of liquid.

Benefits of gravity heating

As already noted, gravity water heating systems at home have been used for a long time and have managed to recommend themselves, as they have certain advantages:

Cheapness. After all, this system does not require the installation of additional equipment.
Ease of installation and repair (it is even possible to build a heating system in your own house with your own hands).
Work in the absence of electricity. For a while, until the boiler temperature drops below 50 degrees, the liquid will continue to circulate through the system.
Almost complete noiseless operation, again due to the absence of a pump.

Disadvantages of gravity heating

But with all the above advantages, self-circulation heating systems have many disadvantages that make it impractical to use this method of heating a house today.

The inability to use this type of system for large rooms. Even for a two-story private house, the circulation of water will be difficult.
The temperature difference in heating devices. The farther the room is from the boiler, the colder it will be. Moreover, the difference can sometimes be significant - up to 5 degrees.
The regulation of heating is complicated. Firstly, the system will start working only when the boiler heats up to 50 degrees, respectively, you will not be able to make the heating power in the house below this mark.Secondly, even when installing heat regulators, the temperature error will be from 3 to 5 degrees, which is quite significant.

Such systems are gradually losing their relevance and every year they are replaced by more modern compulsory systems. We recommend that you do water heating from natural circulation only if you want everything simpler.

Heat sources, circulation schemes and wiring

Depending on the type of elements with which the room is heated, water heating systems can be:

radiator - the most common, at present, their type, the role of heating devices in which radiators (batteries) of various types perform;
in the form of water "warm floors" with heating elements made of pipes, which are located at the base of the floor covering and through which the heated coolant circulates - a more modern, but even less common type.

Essential elements

In addition, any such heating system consists of the following basic elements:

heat generator (boiler, furnace);
pipes through which the coolant (water) circulates and which can also serve as a heating element (for example, in a water-heated floor system);
radiators providing room heating - in water-based radiator heating systems.

In addition, such systems, as a rule, include additional elements, such as an expansion tank (open or diaphragm), shut-off and control valves, control and safety equipment, and others, depending on the type and complexity of the system.

Generators or sources of thermal energy

The source of thermal energy for hot water heating can be boilers using various types of fuel:

gas;
electrical;
solid fuel;
liquid fuel;
heat pumps;
solar power plants.

In addition, hot water heating can be combined with a traditional heating or heating-cooking stove, as well as with a stove or fireplace. At the same time, heat exchangers of various designs (coils, registers) made of pipes or sheet steel are included in the design of these heating devices. Thus, you can increase the efficiency of a stove, stove or fireplace and use a water circuit to heat several rooms or the whole house at once.

Even a combined version is possible, when several heat generators are connected in parallel to one heating system. For example: solid fuel and gas or solid fuel and electric. In this case, one of the types of heating will be the main one, and the other or others will be additional or backup. Moreover, water heating for different boilers practically does not differ, although it has some features, which we will consider below.

Very often, water heating is called steam. But they are not the same thing. Although water is also used as a heat carrier in steam heating, it heats up there to a state of steam. For this, special steam generators are used. Such installations are very rarely used in everyday life.

Closed and open systems

The hot water heating system can be open or closed. In the first case, it includes an expansion tank, which is placed as high as possible (under the ceiling or in the attic). Such a tank provides some overpressure in the system, venting air from it and the function of a safety device if the water suddenly boils. In addition, it is often used to add water to the system during operation.

Forced circulation heating

So, we see that systems with natural fluid circulation have a number of rather significant disadvantages.An alternative to them are systems with forced circulation, in which additional equipment is used to increase the supply of coolant in the system. Namely, the circulation pump.

Yes, this type of water heating at home will be more costly and difficult, but you get many advantages:

The ability to heat a large room. We have already said that natural circulation is not good for large houses. If you are the owner of just this, then your option is only a forced circulation system.
Complication of the system. By installing a pump, you do not depend on such an indicator as pressure. Therefore, what was an obstacle in a gravity system is not a problem in a forced system. So, for example, you can now increase the number of pipe bends if your home layout requires it.
Use of smaller pipes. Agree, the neat appearance of the heating system is not the last indicator that you should pay attention to.
Less dependence of heating quality on the presence of air in the system. With self-circulation, the ingress of air into the system would greatly complicate the transportation of the coolant through the pipes. The forced system solves this problem, but in the case of installing metal pipes, special expansion tanks with air deflectors and fuses should be used in order to avoid system corrosion.
Possibility of using more durable and lightweight plastic pipes.
Possibly concealed pipe installation. You can easily hide pipes in the screed and walls

Types of water heating systems

Now let's look at the options for installing water heating. As in the case of the circulation method, we have a simpler and cheaper option, inferior in technical characteristics to the more complicated and costly one.

One-pipe heating systems

The first - simple and cheap - is a one-pipe water heating system at home, in which the liquid will pass sequentially through all pipes, radiators and other heating devices, if they are in the chain, and return to the boiler through the return pipe. This option is better suited, again, for a small room.

The disadvantage of such systems is the impossibility of their competent balancing. The first appliance is always hot, the last one is always warm.

Two-pipe heating systems

For rooms with a larger area, it is better to opt for a more advanced two-pipe system. In this case, the bottom connection of the radiators will be used. But such a heating gasket will become really perfect if you connect a circulation pump. Otherwise, it will be difficult to heat distant rooms.

In addition, it is possible to reduce the rate of liquid cooling in the system by installing special bypasses for each of the batteries, as well as regulators of the liquid supply to a separate radiator.

The difference between a two-pipe water heating system is the laying of a solid pipe to the furthest of the radiators, from which branching is made to intermediate heating devices. Thus, having passed through the entire heating system, the coolant returns to the boiler through a special return pipe, which makes it possible to evenly distribute heat transfer throughout the room.

Of course, the main disadvantage of such heating is its high cost and complexity of installation, but the comfort that you get in return is worth it.

Radiant heating system

Radiation heating system diagram

The two above-described types of laying heating pipes are representatives of the perimeter method. But there is an alternative - ray. With such a laying, pipes are supplied separately to each radiator: one through which the coolant enters the heater, the other is the reverse. Such a system allows you to adjust a comfortable temperature regime in each of the premises of the house.In addition, if one of the radiators or pipes breaks down, there is no need to turn off all heating, it is enough to do this only in the desired area.

In view of the large number of pipes during the installation of the beam system, all communications are mounted directly into the floor or walls, which has a beneficial effect on the interior of the house.

It is most optimal to use the pump circulation of the coolant when radial laying.

Underfloor heating

The most optimal way to evenly warm up the entire room is to lay water-heated floors in the house. It is possible to use only this system, and it is possible to combine it with other heating devices. For example, when radiators are installed in the rooms, and underfloor heating in the corridors, bathroom and toilet. That is, underfloor heating will be especially relevant for rooms with tiled or marble surfaces.

The use of the "warm floor" system is possible with forced circulation of the coolant.

Of the advantages that water heating gives with underfloor heating, one can single out:

Uniform heating of the room. The screed, which gives off heat by radiation, gives it off in equal proportions in every square of the room.
Rational distribution of heat. Heat moves from bottom to top.
Comfort and microclimate.
Lack of heating devices on the walls in most cases

Advantages and disadvantages of hot water heating

Water heating at home, regardless of its type and chosen scheme, has its pros and cons. Of the advantages the following can be distinguished:

You can heat the whole house from one place by placing the boiler in one of its rooms (boiler room), and in the rest - heating devices (radiators of various types, warm water floors). And if in the case of heating a house with electricity, this is not so important (in principle, in each room you can install a convector or another electric heater), then when using solid fuel or gas for heating it is much more convenient to have one boiler than to install a stove in each room or a gas convector.
Relatively low surface temperature of heating devices. The maximum temperature of the heat transfer fluid does not exceed 90-100 ° C. But in practice, the surfaces of hot water heating radiators rarely heat up above 60 ° C, which prevents dust from burning on them, as, for example, on heat exchangers of "dry" electric convectors. In systems of warm water floors, it is usually no more than 40 ° C. That allows you to heat the room with "soft" comfortable heat.

Of the shortcomings the following can be distinguished:

The need to lay out the pipe system for supplying the coolant from the boiler to the heating devices, and this is the cost of pipes, connecting elements, additional equipment and their installation.
The water in the system may freeze. If the house is not permanently resident (dacha, country house), then in the cold season, in the absence of tenants, then either the water must be drained from the system, or it must operate in a mode that maintains the minimum temperature, or water must not be used as a heat carrier, a non-freezing liquid.
Coolant leaks during operation are possible.

Heating pipes

Separately, you should consider the issue of the types of pipes used for heating private houses. Each material definitely has both positive and negative sides. Let's see which of the options is the most optimal.

Heating with metal pipes

Metal pipes include steel and copper pipes.

Wiring water heating of a steel house will cost you relatively inexpensively (and this is the main advantage of this material). This metal is quite versatile, suitable for both steam and water heating. Withstands great pressure.The main disadvantage of steel pipes is that they corrode quickly. This is reflected not so much in the quality of heating as in the appearance of your home - rusty pipes are not the best interior decoration.

Copper pipes have more advantages: they are extremely durable, keep temperature well, and do not corrode. Another advantage of copper pipes is the smoothness of their inner surface, which provides a high speed of movement of liquid through the heating system. The main disadvantage of copper is its high price.

It should be noted that both steel and copper pipes are only suitable for open heating systems and cannot be installed in walls or floors. Therefore, as we can see, their universality has a limit.

Heating a house with polypropylene pipes

The main advantage of polypropylene pipes is their resistance to external environmental factors: corrosion, decay, bacteria and chemical compounds.

Also one of the big advantages of this material is its lightness. Hence, other advantages follow: such pipes are easier to install, they are suitable both for use on the supporting wall and on the interior wall.

Heating made of polypropylene allows you to save fuel consumption (gas or electricity) used to heat the boiler due to the low coefficient of friction, since the coolant easily passes through the heating system. But the difference is insignificant.

In addition, polypropylene pipes are quite plastic, have different modifications with many joints, and are also supplemented by a huge selection of various components, which allows the installation of complex heating systems.

And, finally, heating with polypropylene pipes can be done both in open and closed systems, when all pipes are hidden in the floor or walls.

With all the visible pluses, these pipes have minuses. Firstly, with a fairly high resistance to chemical attack, such pipes are easily susceptible to mechanical action (you can cut it with an ordinary kitchen knife). Secondly, polypropylene is not suitable for all types of heating systems. It categorically cannot be used in combination with a steam generator, but they are excellent for the water heating we are considering. Also, water heating with polypropylene implies the presence of a large number of joints, which greatly affects the reliability of the system.

Heating with metal-plastic pipes

If we talk about the advantages of metal-plastic pipes, then we can highlight the same advantages as those of polypropylene counterparts. But it is worth highlighting that they are able to keep a higher temperature. And also, and this is their main distinguishing feature, metal-plastic bends perfectly. At the same time, you can not be afraid of damaging it. And this fact makes this type of pipes an ideal option for the "warm floor" system.

Among the disadvantages is a higher price in comparison with polypropylene analogues.

Repair of heating boilers of all types in Moscow!

Boiler repair heating in Moscow, the installation of gas, diesel, electric, solid fuel heating systems is carried out on a tight schedule. The optimal time for work is the off-season. Installation of all types of heating systems. Problems are not always resolved according to plan, so it is important to act without delay. Remote points of Moscow and Moscow Region, the foremen of DESIGN PRESTIGE LLC are ready to arrive on a tight schedule. The presence of our own vehicles allows you to arrive at the place of repair, installation of the heating system instantly.

Repairs boilers in the Moscow region is a rather difficult task. The accuracy of further functioning depends on the correct installation. More than a third of boiler failures are associated with installation errors.

Employees of DESIGN PRESTIGE LLC handle any boiler models with high quality. To make sure that everything is working, it is important to carry out diagnostics. The equipment allows you to trace, establish the slightest installation inaccuracies. Heating boiler room the equipment is represented by a huge number of models, manufacturers. Each has a number of differences, positive and negative sides.

Heating repair should be carried out taking into account the model features of the technique. One important criterion for quality service is speed. To ensure the maximum speed of complex tasks, DESIGN PRESTIGE LLC took care of the availability of a stock of components. Unlike most of the service departments, when contacting the employees of DESIGN PRESTIGE, you do not need to wait a long time. Everything you need is always in stock, installation is carried out in a short time. The cost of the components will be lower than the market. Direct contracts with leading manufacturers allow us to offer the clients of DESIGN PRESTIGE the most favorable prices.

Calculating the cost of heating

Heating system repair cost

Water supply installation cost

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Heating with water skirting board

At the end of our article, we want to tell you about the "last word" in the field of water heating systems. If you want to make the heat in your home invisible in the truest sense of the word, then skirting board heating is your option.

Such a heating device is a body that looks like a regular plinth, inside which there is a heating element - special tubes. First they heat up, then the body, then the heat is distributed along the walls.

This type of heating is an ideal solution for our strip, where mold often forms on the walls due to dampness. In addition, as already mentioned, neither pipes nor radiators will spoil your interior.

But this system also has its drawbacks:

it cannot be used on the walls along which the furniture is installed
for large rooms, it will be necessary to install 2-3 buildings, since the maximum length of the heating circuit is 15 meters.

Heating with water convectors

You probably managed to collide with electric convectors. There are the same, only water. They are connected in water heating according to the same rules as radiators. And they are essentially the same radiators, only with a different principle of heat transfer.

Water convectors work according to the convection principle. Cold air comes in from below, warm air comes out from above. Due to this, the room heats up very quickly.

The disadvantages of such water heating devices include their high cost, compared to conventional radiators.

If you carefully studied our article, you saw what a variety of solutions for carrying out water heating in a private house the modern market of heating equipment is represented. You just have to choose the best option based on the parameters of your own home and material capabilities. Peace and warmth to your home!