Waste oil stoves have gained popularity for several reasons - the appearance of synthetic oils that are easier to burn than older oils without additives, and the possibility of purchasing "waste" - oil drained from the engine and transmission, contaminated with metal particles. Since this unusable substance requires processing, removal and storage, it is easier for enterprises to dispose of it as quickly as possible so as not to come into conflict with environmental legislation.
It is impossible to buy mining from those who are engaged in the manufacture of heating oil from it - these are licensed entrepreneurs and firms that will not sell raw materials instead of their own product. But it is possible to buy used oil in a car service at very low prices.
If you yourself run a car service, that is, you have access to mining in large quantities, then you can put it into circulation quite simply - use it as fuel. But this will require a furnace with certain parameters, in which the mining will not just burn out, but will burn out completely, give a high temperature and will not be recognized by the checking source of harmful emissions.
To do this, you need to make a furnace capable of completely burning out all the components of the used oil. This is not so easy considering its complex composition and some of the subtleties of the combustion process of such products. In particular, it is necessary to create a structure that will allow nitrogen oxides, extremely harmful compounds, not to escape into the atmosphere, but to take part in the combustion of other fuel components.
In this course of events, nitrogen oxides will turn into water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, that is, substances less hazardous from an environmental point of view. And the combustion of mining in the furnace will be almost complete, which is very important - it will have to be cleaned less when receiving a large amount of heat.
Working furnace - advantages and disadvantages
What should be taken into account in the manufacture of a working furnace, what are the main principles, difficulties and advantages of such a solution?
Benefits
- The stove runs on cheap and affordable fuel.
- The combustion efficiency is high enough to obtain a high temperature of the furnace body, which means a high heat transfer in the range of about 500 - 700 degrees.
- The design of the furnace allows you to assemble it from steel using a welding machine, which is not at all difficult with experience and material.
- Combustion in such a furnace is supported independently - these are the physical principles of its operation. Combustion can be regulated by limiting the fuel supply with a simple throttle valve.
disadvantages
Let's remember the difficulties and disadvantages.
- The high temperature of the furnace body requires the allocation of a special place for it, cleared of all fuel at least half a meter from the device.
- When heated by such a stove, the heat is distributed unevenly, it is easier to say that it is very hot near, and cold in the distance.
- The oil waste furnace works on the principle of radiation, not heating the air.
- There is always the possibility of fuel boiling in the preheating chamber and, under certain conditions, of boiling fuel ejection from the body.
- The oven is very active in absorbing oxygen in the room.
- The design should take into account the high temperature in the chimney, which means that in places of contact with the roof it is necessary to create a protective layer of non-combustible refractory material. The chimney in the simplest version can only be vertical - we will write about the reasons below.
- Firefighters' claims are possible if the stove is installed in a service or workshop.
Is it possible to balance the advantages and disadvantages of the design, or find an economical, efficient and safe alternative to a homemade waste oil heating stove? You can at least level some of the design flaws and make full use of its full potential.
Application area
Do-it-yourself ovens - for a garage, the best option
Many options can be modified: they can be equipped with a coil for heating water or made a water jacket. Such equipment already belongs to the category of hot water equipment and can be installed in a hot water heating system. Without automation, a working furnace with a water circuit requires constant monitoring, but for summer cottages, household buildings with livestock, etc. this is a great option.
Waste oil heating furnaces of simple designs are aimed at heating the air. They are also called heat guns, heat generators or heaters. They are capable of overdrying the air, therefore they are practically not used for heating living quarters. Their main purpose is to heat technical premises, such as: car washes, service stations, garages, workshops, as well as warehouses, where there are no flammable substances.
If the stove is modified by installing a coil for heating water, or a water jacket is built, then it can already be used as a water heating unit.
Since you are interested in the question of how to make an oil oven with your own hands, below are detailed instructions for this process.
How a waste oil oven works
The principle of operation of a stove for oil processing is the combustion of an oily liquid in stages for the complete combustion of all its components. When using the development with synthetic additives instead of pure rectified oil, this becomes possible. All gear and engine oils now contain synthetic additives to make our task easier.
Why are we talking about two stages? - oil consists of light and heavy components that burn (oxidize with the release of heat) at different temperatures. They need different amounts of oxygen, different temperatures and division into areas where specific processes will take place. The effect of complete combustion can be obtained by separating the substance into fractions already in the combustion process.
Pyrolysis tends to maintain stability, maintain itself, and we can get a process that is simplified like this:
- the preheated fuel ignites in the lower part of the combustion chamber of the furnace using waste oil, light substances burn, creating a primary temperature and draft for the evaporation of heavier fractions;
- in the middle part of the combustion chamber, heavy components are heated to the combustion temperature and the maximum oxygen inflow from outside;
- hot pyrolysis mixture enters the upper part of the furnace, where the process of “afterburning” of the fuel decomposed into vapors and gases with decomposition of nitrogen oxides and active heat transfer takes place;
- combustion products go into the chimney, heat is given to the room in the form of radiation.
What is done with used oil
After a certain operating period, the used engine oil is no longer suitable for further use as engine protection. But it can find a "second life" in everyday life, or be disposed of.
Practice can be your assistant. Refined products have anti-corrosion properties, burn well and can also serve as a lubricant. Used motor fluid can also be returned for recycling.
How to proceed - the choice is yours. There are several solutions, and it is important to follow one rule: do not pour mining into the soil or body of water. This product is capable of killing all living things and causing irreparable harm not only to nature, but also to human health.
The waste must be poured into specially marked containers that exclude leakage. It is necessary to store the liquid in a place protected from moisture and direct sunlight. It is impossible to reuse containers after working off, take this into account when selecting the necessary containers.
Features of combustion of fuel in furnaces during mining
Why is it possible to use only a vertical chimney in such a waste oil oven? Why create the middle of the furnace as a vertical tube with oxygen supply holes? The fact is that good traction and complete combustion of all components can be obtained only when the entire mixture is heated. If the vapors begin to fly through the combustion chamber at high speed, then there will be no time left for this particular warm-up, and the meaning
But if you apply knowledge of the laws of physics, then you can achieve a decrease in the speed of heavy components, give them time to warm up - due to the Coriolis force arising in the vertical part of the combustion chamber. It is a consequence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, and its effect is expressed in the fact that liquids and gases are twisted in a spiral in a vertical pipe. Thanks to this twisting, the gas components are mixed, stay in the combustion area for a time sufficient for full heating and combustion, to build such a structure will disappear.
This effect can be obtained in different ways, but in the simplest version, you can achieve a certain ratio of the height and diameter of the vertical part of the combustion chamber and the chimney, if you do not violate the strictly calculated dimensions. In case of violation, the effect of incomplete combustion will occur, soot and soot will begin to settle on the pipe, black smoke will tumble down, and some of the gases will begin to break through into the room through the holes for the flow of oxygen.
After the gases in the combustion chamber are heated and the mixture is saturated with oxygen, the afterburning phase begins, which occurs in the upper part of the furnace. There can be either a kind of expansion with a partition, or a funnel of a certain shape - a temperature jump should occur in them, after which oxygen will give up some of the unburned substances to nitrogen oxides. At this stage of afterburning, hazardous and harmful components are converted into carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen.
How to improve a waste oil stove
What can be improved in this design to achieve more functionality and get rid of limitations?
- It is possible to increase the thermal power of a furnace operating on waste oil in order to convert part of the radiant energy into heating the air, to obtain a convection scheme for a more uniform heating.
- It is possible to circumvent the requirement to build only a vertical chimney - in this case, we can use horizontal sections for greater heat transfer to the room and reduce the danger from heating the roof. So it is more convenient to bring the chimney into the wall, which is much easier than laying it through the roof.
- It is possible to create a system of uniform fuel supply to the lower part of the combustion chamber in order to add mining not too often, not to constantly control its amount in the heating chamber.
The first two optimizing effects can be obtained using the force of air movement, pressurization, but with certain restrictions. The fact is that feeding air into the combustion chamber from below is useless. It will only lead to a loss of temperature balance and a loss of the mixing effect from the Coriolis force, that is, it will nullify all the advantages of the pyrolysis process.
It is simply useless and even dangerous to make any views and hatches for blowing in the furnace during mining - they can have the effect of throwing out a flame, fuel or a jet of burning gas outside. Unlike a wood-burning stove, this system balances itself and does not need a forced air flow during the combustion-afterburning phase. The holes in the vertical part of the combustion chamber are enough for it.
At the stage of exhausting gases, you can help the stove - install a fan in the chimney to push the combustion products along the horizontal pipe, compensating for the loss of draft from its laying. In fact, this means that the fan will “blow after the gases”, creating excess pressure to push them out of the pipe.
Pressurization methods - injector and ejector
There are two options for creating such a device.
- The first approach involves installing a constant fan in the “elbow” of the chimney, which will maintain draft and expel gases. When it is turned off, the exhaust gases will begin to return to the room, and the efficiency of the furnace on waste oil will sharply decrease. It is possible to install a valve in the form of a simple “clapper” between the chimney and the fan, which will easily rise from the air flow created by the fan, and just as easily slam shut when it is turned off. The option is not very convenient precisely because of the need to constantly maintain the draft with the fan. You can use a computer fan, kitchen exhaust fan, or a small industrial fan that creates a steady flow of air for ejector boost.
- The second approach is somewhat more difficult to execute, it is good in cases where part of the chimney is laid with a certain slope. A thin tube is inserted into the elbow of the chimney, and compressed air is periodically fed through it, instantly increasing the draft. When using this system - injection - it is possible to dramatically increase the efficiency of fuel combustion with a simultaneous decrease in its consumption. As a result, it will be possible for a short time to strongly heat up the oven, and then transfer it to a more “quiet mode”.
The use of pressurization depends entirely on the capabilities of the owner of the furnace and the characteristics of its location. In any case, waste oil heating stoves are suitable for garages and mini-workshops, but they require compliance with fire safety rules - removing objects from the body, clearing the space and controlling the temperature.
We must not forget that it is, in principle, impossible to extinguish such a furnace until the fuel is completely burned out. The flame will support itself in the form of a lazy tongue, which will instantly flare up when a new portion of oil is received.
Potbelly stove from a cylinder
A potbelly stove, or a direct-action stove, is one of the simplest designs. It consists of two combustion chambers, connecting a tube and a chimney.
Homemade potbelly stove
To create a potbelly stove, you need two metal containers. You can make them yourself by welding. The potbelly stove can be of any shape, but it is preferable to make oval containers, since they will have higher heat transfer.
Waste oil stove design
It is necessary to make stable legs from a dense sheet of steel. They should be welded to the bottom container. The lower tank will be used for used oil, so it is worth making it larger than the upper one. A small hole should be made on top of the container for filling fuel and igniting the mixture. Be sure to design the damper, as the bottom tank must be completely sealed when using waste oil and burning.
Next, a metal pipe is placed on the lid of the lower container, which will connect the two parts of the structure. Small holes should be made in the pipe for air supply. Thus, fuel vapors will mix with oxygen. The pipe must be completely vertical.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with: Distance from home to fence standards
After that, a container for secondary combustion is installed on the structure. The temperature in the second tank is much higher, since the gas-air mixture is burning in it. It is advisable to make a removable lid in the second tank for convenience.
The last thing that is needed to create a potbelly stove is to attach the chimney to the upper tank.
Assembly drawing of a potbelly stove
If you slightly modify the design of the classic potbelly stove, you can make a universal stove that will work not only on spent fuel, but also on the ignition of solid materials.
To do this, you need to make a few additional elements. When lighting firewood, the pipe must be airtight, so four plates must be made of steel, which can close the pipe from air penetration. To do this, several fasteners for bolts should be made on the pipe so that additional elements can be easily screwed on.
A grate or steel grate is placed on the base of the lower tank. It is necessary to design an additional container that will be placed in the lower tank. Make sure that the container can be easily installed through the removable top of the stove. It is he who will serve as a reservoir for waste oil.
The more removable elements there are in the stove, the easier it is to clean the stove after using used oil. It is also worth handling the stove with care. To ensure that the oil burns evenly, does not boil or hiss, it is necessary to take into account several important points. The tank should be filled with spent fuel no more than two-thirds. It is best to use machine oil and let it stand. Oil that was drained from the car a few hours ago will not burn well.
To make a stove with your own hands, you must have not only drawings with detailing of units, but also take care of the necessary locksmith tools.
In addition, when performing work on assembling the furnace, you cannot do without a welding machine.
Having the necessary tools in stock and picking up all the necessary materials, you can start making the furnace for testing.
Extraction of heat from the furnace during mining
Heat removal from the furnace body can be organized in two ways:
- installing a fan at some distance, which will constantly blow on the case, driving air past it for even distribution. An ordinary household fan will not be able to critically lower the temperature in the combustion chamber and will not cause the afterburning of fuel to stop. At the same time, there will be more comfort in the room, but it is worth paying attention to this - the fan can partially blow out gases through the holes in the vertical part of the combustion chamber. This is quite risky for those indoors;
- equipment on the furnace body of a coil with constantly flowing water - a kind of water heating circuit. It can be replaced with a hot water jacket located in the upper third of the combustion chamber. An indispensable condition is that there must be a gap for air in between the elements for receiving heat and the body of the combustion chamber. It is not worth lowering the heat extraction circuit below.
If forced circulation is connected to such a system, then it will be enough to heat a house or summer cottage, and for a small building there will be enough natural circulation of the coolant. We remind you that all these solutions require correct calculation, because excessive heat extraction will lead to a loss of afterburning efficiency, and excessive heat will lead to melting or cracking of pipes with water. If air is restricted to the combustion chamber, the stove will also lose efficiency.
Smoke temperature tables for oils and fats
Below you can see two tables: one shows the smoke points of vegetable oils, the other - animal fats (including butter). They are sorted alphabetically.
The sign "*" near the temperature marks those oils / fats for which the English-language Wikipedia does not yet know reliable sources.Nevertheless, in principle, you can be guided by these values - I think this information is still more reliable than the one that can be found on the Russian-language Internet.
If you are browsing the site on a smartphone, and the table does not fit on the screen, and even the screen rotation does not help, well, or just if it is more convenient for you, then here
.
Fuming temperature of vegetable oils
| Avocado | 270 ° C | |
| Peanut | unrefined | 160 ° C * |
| refined | 232 ° C | |
| Grape seed | 216 ° C * | |
| Mustard | 254 ° C * | |
| Walnut | unrefined | 160 ° C * |
| semi-refined | 204 ° C * | |
| Camellias | 252 ° C * | |
| Castor | refined | 200 ° C |
| Coconut | virgin | 177 ° C |
| refined | 204 ° C | |
| Hemp | 165 ° C * | |
| Corn | unrefined | 178 ° C |
| refined | 232 ° C | |
| Sesame | unrefined | 177 ° C |
| semi-refined | 232 ° C | |
| Linseed | unrefined | 107 ° C |
| Macadamia | 210 ° C * | |
| Margarine | 182 ° C * | |
| Almond | 216 ° C * | |
| Olive | extra virgin | 160 ° C |
| extra virgin, low acidity | 207 ° C | |
| virgin | 210 ° C | |
| refined or tasteless | 199 ° -243 ° C | |
| pomace (obtained from pomace) | 238 ° C | |
| Palm | diffracted | 235 ° C |
| Sunflower | unrefined | 107 ° C * |
| semi-refined | 232 ° C * | |
| refined | 227 ° C | |
| high oleic, neraf. | 160 ° C * | |
| Rapeseed (canola) | unrefined | 107 ° C |
| refined | 204 ° C | |
| pressed on the expeller | 190 ° -232 ° C | |
| high oleic | 246 ° C * | |
| Rice | 254 ° C * | |
| Safflower | unrefined | 107 ° C * |
| semi-refined | 160 ° C * | |
| refined | 266 ° C | |
| Soybean | unrefined | 160 ° C * |
| semi-refined | 177 ° C * | |
| refined | 238 ° C | |
| Hazelnut | 221 ° C * | |
| Cotton | 216 ° C | |
Smoke temperature of animal fats
| Butter | 150 ° C |
| Ghee, including ghee | 252 ° C * |
| Beef fat | 215 ° C * |
| Lard | 190 ° C |
Most of the types of oils listed above (as well as those not mentioned), which often have organic certification, you can buy in the iHerb online store (with a quick and free delivery to Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other countries from $ 40). There are also very rare oils such as avocado, macadamia, pistachio and others, as well as real organic ghee from free-grazing cows. And all products are guaranteed quality, no fakes. In general, I recommend it - I myself buy coconut oil, black cumin, ghee, and MCT there myself. I take olive, linseed, sesame seeds from us, because there is no worse quality and cheaper. You can find instructions on buying on iHerb here →.
Duration of work and fuel consumption
The fuel consumption in such a furnace is about a liter per hour of operation, and when using a blower fan - up to one and a half liters. If you want to achieve a longer operation of the oven without adding oil, then you can install a larger container next to it and connect the lower parts with a pipe. The principle of communicating vessels will work - the liquid in the combustion chamber and the additional container will be at the same level.
It makes no sense to make the combustion chamber large, because the fuel in it will not warm up to the required temperature. An additional capacity with a throttle valve will help create a fuel reserve for several hours of combustion, even overnight, without the risk of “overflowing” or interrupting the flow of mining.
Dangers, difficulties, alternatives to a homemade furnace for working out
The design we have described has serious drawbacks.
- A homemade working furnace is a device with a partially open combustion chamber, and this excludes its installation in residential premises. In addition, its body is heated to very high temperatures, which is also dangerous. You will have to build a separate room for it and conduct heat into the country house either through an air duct or using a coolant. This negates all the advantages of using development and simplicity of design.
- In the event of a fire, such a device will become a reason for refusing insurance payments - the furnace is not certified, has not been tested, and does not have a passport.
- If a working furnace with a high water content enters the tank of the furnace, the mixture may instantly boil up with the release of vapors - this is an explosion, from which people and the structure will suffer.
- The use of such a stove in a car service or an entrepreneur's workshop is a source of problems with fire services, endless fines.
Nozzles and Flame Bowls
A safer design option is to use a drip-fed nozzle or combustion bowl, but here a lot of technological and constitutive difficulties arise. The manufacture of these units is associated with the operation of very precise modern equipment. The nozzle must operate with a constant flow of compressed air, and the supply of fuel by drops into the thicket is associated with precise dosages and raising the mining to a height - above the combustion chamber.
The flame bowl is considered as an option for creating a waste oil furnace, but its design is very difficult to manufacture. Such a device cannot be built without skills. For him, you will have to buy or assemble a blower fan - a "snail" to swirl the air flow, calculate the installation location. This is a challenge for professionals, but in an industry where there are professionals, it is unpopular. There it is more profitable to use a nozzle or burner with a compressed air supply, a filter and a fuel pump.
A flame bowl with a porous filter element, although it gives a stable economical combustion, cannot be assembled into a completely safe structure with your own hands. It's too complicated. Moreover, no inspectors and insurers will recognize such a device as safe, and expertise will be incredibly expensive.
Furnace on the development of industrial production
Those who still want to take advantage of the development opportunities - especially the owners of car services, workshops - it is better to look for and buy a furnace operating on waste oil of industrial development and assembly. For heating industrial premises, there is a more efficient option with a blower fan, which creates good conditions for mixing the air. In this case, the air is heated in the heat exchanger without the combustion products entering there.
Fans of palliative solutions, amateur performances and exoticism would like to advise - correlate the benefits of using such an oven with its limited capabilities and cost. In order for a home-made stove for testing to become safe and convenient, you will have to spend a lot of work and buy a lot of equipment. Isn't it easier to buy a ready-made and certified product right away, which can not only be put in the garage!
Agree that for heating one garage and a barn, the efforts are simply inadequate! And for the safe heating of production, even the smallest, there are compact and manufacturers of furnaces, air heaters and waste oil boilers. It is very difficult and troublesome to make a furnace for testing on your own. Its safety and performance will in any case be much lower than that of proven industrial products with modern burners and even combustion bowls.
How an Almaty citizen extracts Euro-4 gasoline and diesel from waste oil
Dyusengaliyev, a guy from Almaty, who, together with a partner, has put together a unit - a mobile micro-refinery, which makes it possible to obtain AI-92 gasoline and diesel fuel corresponding to Euro-4 from waste oil, consoled. This installation will be an inexpensive and effective solution to environmental problems. Instead of burning oil, with the help of such a plant it will be possible to process waste and obtain high quality synthetic petroleum products. In support of his project, Uteskali received one of two main grants from the Saby Charitable Foundation - $ 50,000.
Consoled, tell, for a start, about yourself. What are you doing, how did you come up with the idea of developing a recycling plant?
In general, by education I am a marketer - I studied in Moscow, at the State University of Management. After graduating from university, he worked for a couple of years in Moscow, in one of the international tobacco companies. And in 2008 I decided to return to Kazakhstan - my parents are here, I am the only son in the family. I came to Almaty and got a job in a trading company that was engaged in the export of petroleum products. I got a lot of experience. After working for some time, I came to the conclusion that it was time to start my own business.
I got acquainted with the representatives of the Canadian company and became their distributor - our team started selling reagents for cleaning tanks and pipelines in Kazakhstan. Later, we signed a contract with a Russian export oil terminal - at that time they had problems with cleaning oil tanks and pipelines. The reviews were very good. Thanks to this experience, we have gained a certain reputation. Then I got the idea to get a winter diesel from a summer diesel. In Kazakhstan, the problem of a shortage of winter diesel is tangible - the factories do not produce it in the quantity that dictates the demand, so people use summer diesel even in subzero temperatures. And summer, as we know, does not withstand sub-zero temperatures. We have to use additives (surfactants) that dilute the paraffin in diesel and make it more or less suitable for winter. But the effect of these additives is temporary - after about 10-14 days, the product returns to its original state. And in order to consolidate the result, special equipment and additives are needed to change the quality of the product at the molecular level.
Together with my partner, a process chemist, we assembled a small demonstration unit and tested it at a tank farm here in Almaty. From 200 liters of summer diesel we got a winter diesel (GOST) of good quality, which did not lose its properties for nine months.
What is its advantage over equipment that produces diesel at conventional refineries?
Will explain. There are three large refineries in Kazakhstan - Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent. But due to the fact that technological modernization is still in progress, they are experiencing a permanent shortage of diesel. In addition to these three large refineries, about 33 mini-refineries are registered in Kazakhstan, but only 5-6 of them are actively operating. We came to one of these refineries in Uralsk with a proposal to improve the oil and fuel oil processing system in order to receive more marketable oil products - gasoline and diesel. Now these refineries, due to outdated technology, from 100% of oil receive up to 50% of light products that require additional processing.
And then these are not commercial products. We suggested: “Let us use our technology to increase the efficiency and the depth of processing - you will receive not 50% of the products, but 75-80% corresponding to GOSTs”.
During the year we worked, conducted industrial tests of our own technology. We were provided with a site, the necessary raw materials (oil, M-100 fuel oil), and from this raw material we obtained high-octane gasoline with an octane rating of 95-105. We got a winter diesel engine with a pour point of minus 38 ° C, superior in quality to what they received before. There are fewer VAT residues, and there are more products for sale. Accordingly, the Ural mini-refinery began to earn more!
What is your rig and how does it work?
The first version of our installation was simplified, we are now working on a mobile micro-refinery. After Uralsk, we realized that providing services to factories is one thing. It is much more efficient to build a small mobile unit that can be operated anywhere without being tied to a specific object and raw materials. The thermo-catalytic unit measures 2.5 m in length, 2.2 m in width and 2.4 m in height. It can be placed in a truck, driven and run at any industrial site.And such an installation can process any waste of liquid hydrocarbons, obtaining marketable oil products. The equipment is manufactured at a Russian plant according to our drawings. At the moment we are undergoing an environmental impact assessment (Rosprirodnadzor). After receiving all the expertise, we are going to create a disposal site in the Atyrau region, the village of Dossor, where the industrial base is located. With its help, we will dispose of any hazardous hydrocarbon waste, obtaining diesel and gasoline. In terms of refining depth, using this technology, we, in fact, have reached the level of the largest refineries. For example, American refineries can process up to 98% of oil. We have come to the figure of 92-93%.
Let's talk about the environmental aspect of the project. What happens to used oil now?
Each of us is a car enthusiast, and from time to time there is a need to change the oil - in the engine, in the transmission. All this is discharged at the service station, accumulated, and then, most often, the residual waste is sold to the furnace (incineration). Why is it impossible to breathe in Almaty in winter, while dense smog hangs over the city? One of the reasons is that all service stations, some households, and even greenhouses - use waste oil as fuel. It is much cheaper. But this is hazardous waste! In terms of their harm, they significantly exceed the threat and consequences of burning oil. Used oils must never be burned. One liter of oil poured into the ground renders from one hundred to a thousand cubic meters of groundwater unusable. This class of waste is very dangerous for the environment. Therefore, we thought about how to dispose of used oil and get synthetic diesel from it. It will be cleaner and better quality than mineral fuel at gas stations due to its properties - the processed product contains less sulfur and saves fuel consumption by 10-12% due to its high calorific value (heat of combustion).
How is this achieved?
Thanks to our special equipment and our own developed nano-catalysts. We make a high-quality European product from hazardous waste. When submitting an application for the "Build Your Business" competition, I pointed out for a reason that we are converting waste oils into Euro-3 class diesel fuel. At the moment we have managed to get a Euro-4 class product. What is the difference between them? The main indicator is the sulfur content. An excess of sulfur has a bad effect on the environment and on the operation of the engine. From January 1, 2020, only Euro-4 and Euro-5 class gasoline and diesel can be sold and used in Kazakhstan. If in Euro-3 the sulfur content is 350 mg / kg, then in Euro-4 - 50 mg / kg. All over the world, cars are switching to the Euro-4, Euro-5 standards, and it is very encouraging that Kazakhstan is also following the global trend. If we use environmentally friendly fuel, we will begin to inhale less harmful substances.
And our equipment allows us to obtain a Euro-4 diesel from any waste oil, which can withstand winter temperatures down to minus 38 degrees. Finally, these petroleum products are safe for use in internal combustion engines because they are cleaner, smoke free, and save fuel. We tested the resulting diesel engine on Mercedes minibuses: we drove about 1,500 km on it - the fuel is clean, the engine runs like a clock, without black smoke; consumption is significantly reduced.
Let's go back to the launch status of your project. Why did you decide to be based in Atyrau?
Firstly, I am Atyrau myself, this is my small homeland. Secondly, there is a big problem with hydrocarbon waste, which must be disposed of in a modern technological way, and not thermal. The region is home to such oil giants as Tengizchevroil and NCOC, which generate a sufficient amount of hazardous waste, including oil sludge and waste oils. In general, we have a universal installation.We focus on any waste oil, but if necessary, we can process oil sludge, paraffinic and bituminous oil.
That is, it is also a plus in the fact that this is a waste-free production?
Yes. During the year of use of this installation, about 4.5 kg of waste is collected in the combustion chamber itself, in the form of harmless and cleaned dust. This is probably the best recycling solution available today. Therefore, we went to this for a long time, combined the experience and developments of our team and created an installation that allows you to get a high-quality product from hazardous waste.
Are there any restrictions on the volume of processing?
The plant can process from 2000 to 2800 liters of waste per day. That is, it produces a whole car of diesel per month!
And finally, when is the launch of the first unit in Atyrau expected?
We are planning already by the beginning of this summer. And in the future we will expand, create sites in different regions of Kazakhstan, with the involvement of interested parties. If there are several recycling plants in each region, people will begin to treat waste more economically. Why pour out the oil when you can turn it over for processing and get money? Why burn it when it's expensive raw materials? At this rate, the ecological situation will change for the better.
As I have already noted, we are not limited to motor oils - we can process aviation, locomotive, transformer, and even edible oils. All over the world there are regulations for the disposal of used oils. For example, in Germany, if you have a service station, you have to accumulate and transfer waste to a specialized company that keeps strict records and sends them further for regeneration, recycles and receives a marketable product. In no case is oil burned. It is most important. And as a result of such a decision, we will not only establish waste-free production and start earning, but, what is much more important, we will improve the environmental situation.
Security measures
A stove in a car garage during testing is a common and budget solution for heating a technical room. And if the car garage is a workshop, where people often come for oil changes, then there will be no problems with fuel - it will always be in abundance. During the operation of the oven, the following precautions should be expressed:
- Do not light broken stoves;
- Do not use gasoline, alcohol or other aggressive flaming liquids for ignition.;
- Do not overheat the oven;
- Do not leave equipment unattended;
- Do not touch hot items;
- Keep a fire extinguisher nearby;
- Homemade ovens on working off must pass the test in the street conditions.
By following these rules, you will ensure the complete safety of the premises and protect yourself from injuries and burns.
Supercharged furnace design
An inflated handicraft stove for mining is a closed-type cylindrical vessel, from the inside of which there is a well-known afterburner in the form of a tube with holes. At the bottom of the vessel there is a flap for access to the combustion chamber and ignition. A section of the chimney pipe is welded to the upper part of the cylinder, and forced air supply to the pipe with holes through the top cover or a simple cut through the side wall.
Waste oil is placed at the very bottom of the vessel and is supplied if necessary in automatic mode. The methods of supply are very different: from a container with a submersible pump or using a float mechanism, whoever likes what. The above figure shows a diagram of a stove with air injection, a water jacket and fuel supply using a float valve.
The used oil at the bottom of the container is ignited by adding a minimum amount of gasoline or solvent, after which the blower fan turns on. After warming up, the fuel begins to actively release vapors, which are burned with excess oxygen.The result is a powerful torch of flame that spreads in all directions, as seen in the photo.
Advice. This design of the furnace has one characteristic: from a strong flame, the bottom of the vessel is red-hot. When it is necessary to heat one room, a blower fan is installed opposite this zone from the outside. If we are talking about home heating, then the stove is equipped with a water jacket.
The combustion products leaving the furnace body have a very high temperature (sometimes up to 400 ° C), as in the previous case. In order to prevent heat emission and increase the efficiency of the unit, the chimney must first of all be equipped with a water heat exchanger connected to the heating system through a storage tank. Then it is possible to achieve an efficiency index of the furnace of the order of 80-85%.
Do-it-yourself oven assembly
We have already considered all the specifics of the furnaces working in the development. Also, industrial production units were touched upon, plus a mini-oven for working out of the "potbelly stove" type. It remains only to deal with homemade devices. We have already said that you can assemble a stove on your own using an inverter apparatus, a tool kit and appropriate hardware. Let's consider this process from the functional point of view.
Next, we will try to tell you how to make a working oven with your own hands. We start with the most difficult option - this is a handmade garage oven from a cylinder. The basis for its manufacture will be an obsolete gas or oxygen cylinder, from which it is necessary to drain the condensate. The balloons have very thick walls, thanks to this, upon completion of the work, we get a non-hazardous oven, created by our own hands.
Factory ovens, their characteristics and specifics
In the photo there is a factory furnace Teplamos NT-612, working on working off.
Before we try to tell you how to make a working furnace with our own hands, we will consider several models of factory-assembled furnaces. A stereotypical example is the Teplamos NT-612 oven. This is a stereotypical fanless drip heater, focused on use in garages, workshops, hangars and other non-residential and technical premises. The power of the device can vary from 5 to 15 kW, the fuel consumption - from 0.5 to 1.5 l / h.
Teplamos NT-612 belongs to closed type furnaces. It contains a chimney and a pipe for air supply. The combustion of fuel takes place in the inner chamber. In order for the stove to enter the operating mode, it must be heated with a minimum amount of diesel fuel poured into a specialized bowl.... After fuel combustion, we purchase a stove ready for refueling and subsequent work - we open the mining feed and set it on fire.
A mini-oven for working off the "potbelly stove" is as simple as a box of matches. It is made of sheet iron and is multifunctional - it heats non-residential premises and makes it possible to cook food (small pots, pans and kettles are placed on the surface of the afterburner). The power of similar units varies over the widest range. Equipment based on pyrolysis does not stop working.
The heat of the MS-25 will work both on working off and on diesel fuel.
Consider a more solid stove - the heat generator Zhar MS-25. The device will work both on working off and on diesel fuel. It requires electrical energy to power the built-in fan. The heating capacity of the device is 25-50 kW, which makes it possible to heat an area of up to 500 square meters. m. In this case, the highest flow rate is up to 4.5 l / h. The stove is very high, weighs 130 kg and requires an excellent chimney. The temperature of the air entering the heated room is + 50-70 degrees.
Furnace characteristics
The working furnace is excellent in that it will operate on the lowest quality and cheapest fuel.In this regard, it was fortunate for those who do not stop working as a car repairman in their garage - while doing a planned replacement of engine oil, you can extract mining in almost quite large quantities. The oil oven stands out by itself with its own affordable price, because it can be assembled from the remains of old iron.
Used oil is a very affordable fuel and is completely free for car repair shops.
An oil stove during mining burns fuel in the most harmless way. If you set fire to waste oil poured into some kind of container, it will smoke and smoke, giving rise to hellish aromas and filling heated rooms with caustic and far from harmless smoke. And there will be quite a bit of heat from such combustion. The working furnace, having a well-thought-out design, burns fuel in such a way that it does not form soot.
Depending on the design of the oven and its size, it can heat an area of up to 500 sq. m. or even more. Oil consumption is negligible - it can be from 0.5 to 5 l / h, depending on the power of the unit. The combustion temperature can reach + 400-500 degrees. The average height of the chimney is from 4 to five meters. Stoves will generally run on both clean and contaminated fuel. The resulting heat can be used for all sorts of purposes:
- For direct heating of premises due to the generated heat;
- To prepare food (only many models will work);
- To work as part of water heating systems.
Likewise, a test furnace is a fairly multifunctional heater with a conventional design, high efficiency and low cost.
